*1:米国財政の所得再配分機能の変遷については、安井明彦、米国の所得格差と財政の役割、アメリカNOW第82号、2011年11月1日 http://www.tkfd.or.jp/research/project/news.php?id=828 を参照願いたい。
*2:David Corn, SECRET VIDEO: Romney Tells Millionaire Donors What He REALLY Thinks of Obama Voters, Mother Jones, September 17, 2012. http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2012/09/secret-video-romney-private-fundraiser
*3:Maggie Haberman, Romney: 47 Percent Line 'Completely Wrong', POLITICO, October 4, 2012. http://www.politico.com/blogs/burns-haberman/2012/10/romney-percent-line-completely-wrong-137589.html
*4:Tax Policy Center, Baseline Distribution of Tax Units with No Tax Liability, Current Law, 2004-2011, June 14, 2011. http://www.taxpolicycenter.org/numbers/displayatab.cfm?DocID=3054
*5:Rachel M. Johnson, Jim Nunns, Jeff Rohaly, Eric Toder, Roberton Williams, Why Some Tax Units Pay No Income Tax, Tax Policy Center, July 2011. http://www.taxpolicycenter.org/UploadedPDF/1001547-Why-No-Income-Tax.pdf
*6:給付付き税額控除などを考慮して、所得税と社会保障税のネットでの納税負担が生じない家計の割合。「所得税と社会保障税のどちらも払っていない家計」の割合は、2011年で18.1%。
*7:Adam Looney, Michael Greenstone, The Truth about Taxes: Just About Everyone Pays Them, The Hamilton Project, April 2012. http://www.hamiltonproject.org/papers/the_truth_about_taxes_just_about_everyone_pays_them/
*8:Dylan Matthew, Other Countries Don’t Have a “47%”, Washington Post, September 19, 2012. なお、カリフォルニア大学バークレー校のEmmanuel Saezらは、所得上位10%の家計に着目すると、英仏との比較での米国税制の累進性の高さは、1970年代頃までの現象だと指摘している(Thomas Piketty, Emmanuel Saez, How Progressive is the U.S. Federal Tax System? A Historical and International Perspective, Journal of Economic Perspectives, Winter 2007. http://elsa.berkeley.edu/~saez/piketty-saezJEP07taxprog.pdf )。
*9:Dylan Matthew, Other Countries Don’t Have a “47%”, Washington Post, September 19,2012. http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/ezra-klein/wp/2012/09/19/other-countries-dont-have-a-47/
*10:John Sides, The Facts about Tax Progressivity, The Monkey Cage, February 16, 2012. http://themonkeycage.org/blog/2012/02/16/the-facts-about-tax-progressivity/
*11:Monica Prasad, Yingying Deng, Taxation and the Worlds of Welfare, Luxembourg Income Study Working Paper Series, April 2009. http://www.lisproject.org/publications/liswps/480.pdf