2006,7,22
That is not the way to do justice to the arguments, or bring them into real contact with his own mind.
それは議論に対して正しさを主張する方法でもなければ、議論を自身の精神に真に接触させる方法でもない。
He must be able to hear them from persons who actually believe them; who defend them in earnest, and do their very utmost for them.
utmost 最大の
彼は実際にそれらを信じている人々からそれらを聞く事が出来きなくてはいけない。それらの人たちはそれらを熱心に弁護し、それらのために彼らの最大の努力をする人たちです。
He must know them in their most plausible and persuasive form; he must feel the whole force of the difficulty which the true view of the subject has to encounter and dispose of; else he will never really possess himself of the portion of truth which meets and removes that difficulty.
plausible もっともらしい
persuasive 説得力のある
encounter 出会う
dispose さらす
portion 部分
彼はそれらをもっともらしく、説得力のある形で知らなくてはならない。彼はその問題の真実の見方が出会い、さらされなければならない困難さの全ての力を感じなければならない。
そうでなければ困難さに出会い、それを取り除く真実の一部に決して自分自身をさらす事はないのである。
Ninety-nine in a hundred of what are called educated men are in this condition; even of those who can argue fluently for their opinions.
教育を受けている人と呼ばれる100人中99人はこのような情況の中にいる。意見を流暢に議論できる人でさえそうである。
Their conclusion may be true, but it might be false for anything they know: they have never thrown themselves into the mental position of those who think differently from them, and considered what such persons may have to say; and consequently they do not, in any proper sense of the word, know the doctrine which they themselves profess.
consequently その結果として
profess 公言する
彼らの結論は真実であるかもしれない。しかしながらそれは彼らが知っている事柄に関しては間違いであるかもしれない。（しかしどちらかといえば誤謬であるかも知れないのである。）
彼らは彼らと違ったように考える人たちの精神状態を知ろうとも思わないし、そのような人が言うかもしれない事を考えようともしない。そしてその結果として、正しく言えば、彼ら自身が公言する教義を知らない。
They do not know those parts of it which explain and justify the remainder; the considerations which show that a fact which seemingly conflicts with another is reconcilable with it, or that, of two apparently strong reasons, one and not the other ought to be preferred.
All that part of the truth which turns the scale, and decides the judgment of a completely informed mind, they are strangers to; nor is it ever really known, but to those who have attended equally and impartially to both sides, and endeavoured to see the reasons of both in the strongest light.
So essential is this discipline to a real understanding of moral and human subjects, that if opponents of all important truths do not exist, it is indispensable to imagine them, and supply them with the strongest arguments which the most skilful devil's advocate can conjure up.
To abate the force of these considerations, an enemy of free discussion may be supposed to say, that there is no necessity for mankind in general to know and understand all that can be said against or for their opinions by philosophers and theologians.
That it is not needful for common men to be able to expose all the misstatements or fallacies of an ingenious opponent.
That it is enough if there is always somebody capable of answering them, so that nothing likely to mislead uninstructed persons remains unrefuted.
That simple minds, having been taught the obvious grounds of the truths inculcated on them, may trust to authority for the rest, and being aware that they have neither knowledge nor talent to resolve every difficulty which can be raised, may repose in the assurance that all those which have been raised have been or can be answered, by those who are specially trained to the task.
That is not the way to do justice to the arguments, or bring them into real contact with his own mind.
それは議論に対して正しさを主張する方法でもなければ、議論を自身の精神に真に接触させる方法でもない。
He must be able to hear them from persons who actually believe them; who defend them in earnest, and do their very utmost for them.
utmost 最大の
彼は実際にそれらを信じている人々からそれらを聞く事が出来きなくてはいけない。それらの人たちはそれらを熱心に弁護し、それらのために彼らの最大の努力をする人たちです。
He must know them in their most plausible and persuasive form; he must feel the whole force of the difficulty which the true view of the subject has to encounter and dispose of; else he will never really possess himself of the portion of truth which meets and removes that difficulty.
plausible もっともらしい
persuasive 説得力のある
encounter 出会う
dispose さらす
portion 部分
彼はそれらをもっともらしく、説得力のある形で知らなくてはならない。彼はその問題の真実の見方が出会い、さらされなければならない困難さの全ての力を感じなければならない。
そうでなければ困難さに出会い、それを取り除く真実の一部に決して自分自身をさらす事はないのである。
Ninety-nine in a hundred of what are called educated men are in this condition; even of those who can argue fluently for their opinions.
教育を受けている人と呼ばれる100人中99人はこのような情況の中にいる。意見を流暢に議論できる人でさえそうである。
Their conclusion may be true, but it might be false for anything they know: they have never thrown themselves into the mental position of those who think differently from them, and considered what such persons may have to say; and consequently they do not, in any proper sense of the word, know the doctrine which they themselves profess.
consequently その結果として
profess 公言する
彼らの結論は真実であるかもしれない。しかしながらそれは彼らが知っている事柄に関しては間違いであるかもしれない。（しかしどちらかといえば誤謬であるかも知れないのである。）
彼らは彼らと違ったように考える人たちの精神状態を知ろうとも思わないし、そのような人が言うかもしれない事を考えようともしない。そしてその結果として、正しく言えば、彼ら自身が公言する教義を知らない。
They do not know those parts of it which explain and justify the remainder; the considerations which show that a fact which seemingly conflicts with another is reconcilable with it, or that, of two apparently strong reasons, one and not the other ought to be preferred.
All that part of the truth which turns the scale, and decides the judgment of a completely informed mind, they are strangers to; nor is it ever really known, but to those who have attended equally and impartially to both sides, and endeavoured to see the reasons of both in the strongest light.
So essential is this discipline to a real understanding of moral and human subjects, that if opponents of all important truths do not exist, it is indispensable to imagine them, and supply them with the strongest arguments which the most skilful devil's advocate can conjure up.
To abate the force of these considerations, an enemy of free discussion may be supposed to say, that there is no necessity for mankind in general to know and understand all that can be said against or for their opinions by philosophers and theologians.
That it is not needful for common men to be able to expose all the misstatements or fallacies of an ingenious opponent.
That it is enough if there is always somebody capable of answering them, so that nothing likely to mislead uninstructed persons remains unrefuted.
That simple minds, having been taught the obvious grounds of the truths inculcated on them, may trust to authority for the rest, and being aware that they have neither knowledge nor talent to resolve every difficulty which can be raised, may repose in the assurance that all those which have been raised have been or can be answered, by those who are specially trained to the task.
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コメント(2)
慌てて訳してみました。
2006,7,22
They do not know those parts of it which explain and justify the remainder; the considerations which show that a fact which seemingly conflicts with another is reconcilable with it, or that, of two apparently strong reasons, one and not the other ought to be preferred.
consideration 熟慮
reconcilable 調停できる
彼らは残りの部分を説明し、正当化するそれらの部分を知らないのである。それは他のものと敵対すると思われる事実を示す熟慮はそれと調停できるとか、あるいは二つの明らかに強い理由の中で、他のものでなく、一つのものが好まれるのであると言うような事である。
All that part of the truth which turns the scale, and decides the judgment of a completely informed mind, they are strangers to; nor is it ever really known, but to those who have attended equally and impartially to both sides, and endeavoured to see the reasons of both in the strongest light.
scale 物差し
impartially 偏らずに
物の見方を変えたり、物事を良く知っている人の判断を決めたりする真実の全ての部分の関して彼らはよくわかっていない。
あるいはそれは今まで知られていなかった。つまり両方の立場に平等に偏らずに参加しそして強い光の中で両方の理由を見る努力をした人たち以外は知らないのです。
So essential is this discipline to a real understanding of moral and human subjects, that if opponents of all important truths do not exist, it is indispensable to imagine them, and supply them with the strongest arguments which the most skilful devil's advocate can conjure up.
discipline 訓練
opponent 敵対者
indispensable 絶対必要な
advocate 主唱者
conjure 呪文を唱えて
道徳と人類の問題の真の理解に対するこの訓練は大変重要なものであるので、全ての重要な真実の反対者が存在しないならば、彼らを想像し、もっとも能力のある悪魔の主唱者が唱える事の出来る一番強い議論を彼らに与える事が絶対必要な事である。
To abate the force of these considerations, an enemy of free discussion may be supposed to say, that there is no necessity for mankind in general to know and understand all that can be said against or for their opinions by philosophers and theologians.
abate 弱める
これらの熟慮の力を弱めるために、自由議論に敵対する人は次のように言うと思われる。
一般的に人類にとって哲学者や神学者による意見に反対するとか、賛成するとか言う全ての事を知り、理解する必要はないと言うことです。
That it is not needful for common men to be able to expose all the misstatements or fallacies of an ingenious opponent.
misstatement 誤った陳述
fallacｙ 誤信
ingenious 利口な
opponent 相手、敵対者
一般の人にとって利口な敵対者の全ての誤った陳述や誤信をさらけ出す必要はないわけです。
That it is enough if there is always somebody capable of answering them, so that nothing likely to mislead uninstructed persons remains unrefuted.
unrefuted （refute 論破する）
もしいつも反対意見にこたえることのできる人がいて、何事に関しても教育を受けていない人が論破できない状態に導くことがないならば、それは十分な事なのです。
That simple minds, having been taught the obvious grounds of the truths inculcated on them, may trust to authority for the rest, and being aware that they have neither knowledge nor talent to resolve every difficulty which can be raised, may repose in the assurance that all those which have been raised have been or can be answered, by those who are specially trained to the task.
inculcate 教え込む
repose 休息する
assurance 保証する
単純な人々はそのことに関しての教え込まれた真実の明らかな基盤を教えられたなら、残りの事に関して権威者を信頼する事になります。そして生じてくるあらゆる困難を解決する知識も才能も持ち得ないときずくので、生じてきた全てがそのことのために特別に訓練された人々によって答えられてきたし、答えられるという保証の中で安心する。
2006,7,22
They do not know those parts of it which explain and justify the remainder; the considerations which show that a fact which seemingly conflicts with another is reconcilable with it, or that, of two apparently strong reasons, one and not the other ought to be preferred.
consideration 熟慮
reconcilable 調停できる
彼らは残りの部分を説明し、正当化するそれらの部分を知らないのである。それは他のものと敵対すると思われる事実を示す熟慮はそれと調停できるとか、あるいは二つの明らかに強い理由の中で、他のものでなく、一つのものが好まれるのであると言うような事である。
All that part of the truth which turns the scale, and decides the judgment of a completely informed mind, they are strangers to; nor is it ever really known, but to those who have attended equally and impartially to both sides, and endeavoured to see the reasons of both in the strongest light.
scale 物差し
impartially 偏らずに
物の見方を変えたり、物事を良く知っている人の判断を決めたりする真実の全ての部分の関して彼らはよくわかっていない。
あるいはそれは今まで知られていなかった。つまり両方の立場に平等に偏らずに参加しそして強い光の中で両方の理由を見る努力をした人たち以外は知らないのです。
So essential is this discipline to a real understanding of moral and human subjects, that if opponents of all important truths do not exist, it is indispensable to imagine them, and supply them with the strongest arguments which the most skilful devil's advocate can conjure up.
discipline 訓練
opponent 敵対者
indispensable 絶対必要な
advocate 主唱者
conjure 呪文を唱えて
道徳と人類の問題の真の理解に対するこの訓練は大変重要なものであるので、全ての重要な真実の反対者が存在しないならば、彼らを想像し、もっとも能力のある悪魔の主唱者が唱える事の出来る一番強い議論を彼らに与える事が絶対必要な事である。
To abate the force of these considerations, an enemy of free discussion may be supposed to say, that there is no necessity for mankind in general to know and understand all that can be said against or for their opinions by philosophers and theologians.
abate 弱める
これらの熟慮の力を弱めるために、自由議論に敵対する人は次のように言うと思われる。
一般的に人類にとって哲学者や神学者による意見に反対するとか、賛成するとか言う全ての事を知り、理解する必要はないと言うことです。
That it is not needful for common men to be able to expose all the misstatements or fallacies of an ingenious opponent.
misstatement 誤った陳述
fallacｙ 誤信
ingenious 利口な
opponent 相手、敵対者
一般の人にとって利口な敵対者の全ての誤った陳述や誤信をさらけ出す必要はないわけです。
That it is enough if there is always somebody capable of answering them, so that nothing likely to mislead uninstructed persons remains unrefuted.
unrefuted （refute 論破する）
もしいつも反対意見にこたえることのできる人がいて、何事に関しても教育を受けていない人が論破できない状態に導くことがないならば、それは十分な事なのです。
That simple minds, having been taught the obvious grounds of the truths inculcated on them, may trust to authority for the rest, and being aware that they have neither knowledge nor talent to resolve every difficulty which can be raised, may repose in the assurance that all those which have been raised have been or can be answered, by those who are specially trained to the task.
inculcate 教え込む
repose 休息する
assurance 保証する
単純な人々はそのことに関しての教え込まれた真実の明らかな基盤を教えられたなら、残りの事に関して権威者を信頼する事になります。そして生じてくるあらゆる困難を解決する知識も才能も持ち得ないときずくので、生じてきた全てがそのことのために特別に訓練された人々によって答えられてきたし、答えられるという保証の中で安心する。
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