発表2
【発表者】ノーマン・アンガス(京都橘大学)
【題目】日本の近・現代詩―英訳の可能性について―
【要旨】本報告は、萩原朔太郎と中原中也を中心に日本の現代詩および近代詩の英訳の可能性について論じる。アメリカ20世紀の代表的な詩人である Robert Frost をはじめ、全般的に詩の翻訳の不可能性を訴える者は少なくない。まさに、語族や文化的背景がきわめて異なる日本語と英語の場合、日本の詩歌の翻訳は困難であるとよく指摘される。しかし、例えば Walter Benjamin のような積極的な翻訳論により、敢えて「言語の成長」を考えれば、散文の翻訳より詩の翻訳のほうが可能性や役割が大きいともいえる。翻訳者としては、Frost のような「母語主義」による否定的かつ消極的思考がもつ「弱さ」がむしろ「ばね」となり、詩の翻訳は「言語の成長」に大いに貢献できるという発想につながる。比較的「翻訳しやすい」朔太郎と「翻訳しにくい」中也を代表にし、さまざまな困難や可能性について論じる。
第1回 国際通訳史シンポジウム
The First International Symposium on the History of Interpreting
May 24-25, 2014
Tachikawa Hall, Rikkyo University, Tokyo
Confirmed speakers:
Icíar Alonso-Araguás (Universidad de Salamanca, Spain)
Jesús Baigorri-Jalón (Universidad de Salamanca, Spain)
Paul Cohen (University of Toronto, Canada)
Mike Shi-chi Lan (National Chung Chen University, Taiwan)
Rachel Lung (Lingnan University, Hong Kong)
Anthony Pym (Universitat Rovira i Virgiri, Spain)
David Sawyer (University of Maryland, United States)
Kayoko Takeda (Rikkyo University, Japan)
Kumiko Torikai (Rikkyo University, Japan)
Topics include: methods in the history of interpreting, and interpreters through world history in contexts of trade, colonization, diplomacy, war and colonization.
For registration and further information, please visit our website.
Date & Time: Thursday 10th, April 2014, from 18h15.
Language: English
Audience: researchers, teachers, students
Contact: Sylvain Detey (detey@waseda.jp)
Outline:
The neural basis of simultaneous interpretation: extreme language control networks overlap with executive control networks.
The multilingual brain is required to continuously select between languages for expression or comprehension. An increasing body of work indicates that this constant demand has profound cognitive consequences, manifest as a bilingual advantage on a range of non-linguistic tasks that tap executive processes [1]. It has been suggested that the advantages observed stem from the need for the bilingual brain to frequently engage in inhibitory control [2]. An alternative hypothesis suggests the involvement of a more general “conflict monitoring system” [3]. Overall, it appears that executive processes and multi-lingual language management depend upon similar executive networks [4], that are implicated in both inhibition and conflict monitoring. In order to further elucidate the brain basis of language control, we examined simultaneous interpretation (SI), a task that places extreme demands on both executive and linguistic control.
SI requires the simultaneous management of speech comprehension and production while also monitoring the accuracy of the interpretation, respecting its phonetic, semantic, syntactic, and prosodic rules [5]. Successful SI depends not just upon mastery of the two languages involved, but also mastery of the executive processes underlying the strategic/coordinated management of relevant cognitive resources. In order to determine the brain basis of SI, we compared the brain regions activated in a group of 50 non-expert multilingual individuals while listening to sentences, shadowing sentences (i.e. simultaneously repeating sentences) and simultaneously interpreting sentences.
Results reveal that SI recruits interacting networks involved in articulation, speech comprehension, translation and executive processes. Importantly, in addition to speech perception and production networks, the SI appears to recruit subcortical structures, including the basal ganglia and thalamus. These structures are known to be heavily implicated in cortico-subcortical executive control networks central to action-initiation, inhibition and response-conflict management. These findings demonstrate the overlapping nature of language control and cognitive control mechanisms.
References:
1 Bialystok, E., Craik, F. I. & Luk, G. Bilingualism: consequences for mind and brain. Trends Cogn Sci 16, 240-250, doi:10.1016/j.tics.2012.03.001 (2012).
2 Green, D. Mental control of the bilingual lexico-semantic system. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 1, 67-81 (1998).
3 Hilchey, M. D. & Klein, R. M. Are there bilingual advantages on nonlinguistic interference tasks? Implications for the plasticity of executive control processes. Psychon. Bull. Rev. 18, 625-658, doi:10.3758/s13423-011-0116-7 (2011).
4 Hervais-Adelman, A. G., Moser-Mercer, B. & Golestani, N. Executive control of language in the bilingual brain: integrating the evidence from neuroimaging to neuropsychology. Front Psychol 2, 234, doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00234 (2011).
5 Moser-Mercer, B., Frauenfelder, U. H., Casado, B. & Kunzli, A. in Language processing and simultaneous interpreting: Interdisciplinary perspectives Benjamins Translation Library (eds Birgitta Englund Dimitrova & Kenneth Hyltenstam) 107-132 (John Benjamins, 2000).
佐藤=ロスベアグ・ナナ
Dr Nana Sato-Rossberg
Yakult Lecturer
Head of Japanese
School of Language and Communication Studies
University of East Anglia
Norwich UK
NR4 7TJ
課題:第一ラウンド:English for the Global Age with CNN, Kansai University ELT Research Group, Vol.15, Asahi Press
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