Nature 444, 748-751 (7 December 2006) | doi:10.1038/nature05314; Received 20 July 2006; Accepted 3 October 2006; Published online 22 November 2006
How Neanderthal molar teeth grew
Roberto Macchiarelli1, Luca Bondioli2, Andr? Deb?nath3, Arnaud Mazurier1,4, Jean-Fran?ois Tournepiche5,6, Wendy Birch7 and M. Christopher Dean7
Laboratoire de G?obiologie, Biochronologie et Pal?ontologie Humaine, UMR 6046 CNRS, Universit? de Poitiers, 86022 Poitiers, France
Sezione di Antropologia, Museo Nazionale Preistorico Etnografico 'L. Pigorini', 00144 Rome, Italy
Universit? de Perpignan, 66000 Perpignan, France
Etudes Recherches Mat?riaux, 86022 Poitiers, France
Mus?e d'Angoul?me, 16000 Angoul?me, France
UMR 5199 CNRS, Universit? Bordeaux 1, 33405 Bordeaux, France
Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
Correspondence to: Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to C.D. (Email: ucgacrd@ucl.ac.uk).
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Abstract
Growth and development are both fundamental components of demographic structure and life history strategy. Together with information about developmental timing they ultimately contribute to a better understanding of Neanderthal extinction. Primate molar tooth development tracks the pace of life history evolution most closely1, 2, and tooth histology reveals a record of birth as well as the timing of crown and root growth. High-resolution micro-computed tomography now allows us to image complex structures and uncover subtle differences in adult tooth morphology that are determined early in embryonic development3. Here we show that the timing of molar crown and root completion in Neanderthals matches those known for modern humans but that a more complex enamel?dentine junction morphology and a late peak in root extension rate sets them apart. Previous predictions about Neanderthal growth, based only on anterior tooth surfaces4, 5, were necessarily speculative. These data are the first on internal molar microstructure; they firmly place key Neanderthal life history variables within those known for modern humans.