Peloponnesus peninsula of southern Greece, late 15c., from L., from Gk. Peloponnesos, second element apparently nesos "island," first element said to be named for Pelops, son of Tantalus, who killed him and served him to the gods as food (they later restored him to life). The proper name is probably from pellos "dark" + ops "face, eye." But the association with the peninsula name likely is folk etymology.
cf. peninsula 1530s, from L. pæninsula, lit. "almost an island," from pæne "almost" + insula "island." Earlier translated as demie island.
parapluie = para + pluie 雨を・防ぐ。 parasol = para + sol 陽を防ぐ。
para- before vowels, par-, prefix meaning "alongside, beyond, altered, contrary," from Gk. para- from para (prep.) "beside, near, from, against, contrary to," cognate with Skt. para "beyond;" Hitt. para "on, forth;" L. pro "before, for, in favor of," per- "through;" Goth. faur "along;" O.E. for- "off, away" (see fore). http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=para&searchmode=none
parasol 1610s, from Fr. parasol (1570s), from It. parasole, lit. "protection from the sun," from para- "defense against" (from verb parere "to ward off") + sole "sun," from L. solem (nom. sol).
arch (n.)
c.1300, from O.Fr. arche "arch of a bridge," from L. arcus (see arc). Replaced native bow (n.1). Transferred by 1590 to anything having this form (eyebrows, etc.). The verb meaning "to curve" is from 1620s. Related: Arched; arching.
arc
late 14c., from O.Fr. arc, from L. arcus "a bow, arch," from PIE base *arqu- "bowed, curved" (cf. Goth. arhvazna "arrow," O.E. earh, O.N. ör). Electrical sense is from 1821.
mono-
from Gk. mono-, comb. form of monos "single, alone,"
http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=mono-
mono
"not stereo," 1959, from monophonic, attested from 1958 in the recording sense, from mono- + -phonic, from Gk. phone "sound, voice" (see fame). Earlier used among printers for "monotype machine" (c.1925) and generally for monochrome (motorcar, etc.), 1940s.
stereotype
1798, "method of printing from a plate," from Fr. stéréotype (adj.) "printing by means of a solid plate of type," from Gk. stereos "solid" (see sterile) + Fr. type "type." Noun meaning "a stereotype plate" is from 1817. Meaning "image perpetuated without change" is first recorded 1850, from the verb in this sense, which is from 1819. Meaning "preconceived and oversimplified notion of characteristics typical of a person or group" is recorded from 1922. Stereotypical is attested from 1949.
manual (n.)
early 15c., "service book used by a priest," from O.Fr. manuel, from L.L. manuale "case or cover of a book, handbook," neut. of L. manualis (see manual (adj.)).