Michael Unther was an officer in the Imperial Navy, a veteran of twenty years of front-line service who became a respected Academy instructor after his retirement from active duty.
Biography
Born to privileged parents, Unther was enrolled in a military career in order to curb his rebellious streak. After the Academy, he used family connections to get himself assigned to a Strike-class medium cruiser, but after distinguishing himself for bravery, he was promoted to command the Imperial-class Star Destroyer Victory.
When his father was accused of treason, Captain Unther's reputation as a loyal hero of the Empire protected him from the scandal, and he rose to be an Admiral, subsequently promoted to Rear Admiral on stepping down from active service.
By the time of his retirement, Admiral Unther was considered one of the Galactic Empire's leading planetary-assault experts, and he subsequently became a noted Academy instructor, touring training facilities across the Empire, of which the Duluur sector Academy was typical.
Personality and traits
Unther looked and acted like a copybook Imperial commander―big, balding, and heavy-jowled, a staunch and steadfast supporter of the New Order; few guessed that he had harbored profound private reservations about the regime ever since his father's disappearance.
Approach was, according to Michael Unther, the first phase in a planetary assault. This stage covered the initial approach to the planet in question and required the commander of the assault fleet to make strategic decisions of various kinds, such as deciding how late or early to drop out of hyperspace and how close to the planet.
Dropping out of hyperspace
Emerging early, and far from the planet, gave the assault fleet time to reconnoiter the system, but also allowed the defending forces to mobilize and prepare their defenses. Emerging late and close to the planet deprived the invading force of much preparatory time but one the other hand allowed the invasion fleet to surprise the defending forces. According to Unther, the approach phase of the Battle of Hoth was a textbook example of how wrong decision in the approach phase may complicate matters. He argued that Admiral Ozzel emerged from hyperspace too close to the planet, which did not allow his forces to reconnoiter the system properly. Having underestimated the Rebels' firepower, the invasion fleet was forced into maneuver quickly without proper planning. Had Ozzel emerged from hyperspace further from Hoth, there could have been time to plan the attack in accordance with the Rebels' firepower and fewer Rebel ships would have managed to escape.
Planning the route
Another important aspect of the approach phase was the route towards the planet. The route had to be carefully planned, and phenomena like gas clouds and asteroid fields should be carefully scanned before moving the fleet close to them, since enemy fighter squadrons could be hidden there. Even if the scans proved inconclusive, it was, according to Unther, a good idea to keep such areas lightly guarded throughout the entire operation.
Transport ships and transports
Transport ships and transports were to be protected during this phase, since they were typically certain targets to the defending forces. Star Destroyers were among the first ships to be targeted because of their considerable firepower and their command coordination capabilities.
Orbit was the state of a starship or space station that was holding position outside, or just within a planet's outer atmosphere.
Orbit was also the second phase in a planetary assault and covered the gaining control of the orbital space around the target planetary system and the strategic orbital placement of the units in the invasion fleet.
Two types of orbital assault
According to military strategist Michael Unther of the Galactic Empire, there were two main tactics within this face: objective orbit and siege orbit.
Objective orbit
Imperial Star Destroyers and frigates bombard a planet from orbit
Objective orbit consisted in placing the entire invasion fleet in the space above one single objective like a capital or a starport. This would allow the invasion fleet to target key points while remaining safe from raids by small groups of defending ships, but also only allowed for the control of smaller areas. Moreover, this strategy did not allow the invasion fleet to control enemy supply lines. One strategy to reduce the number of objectives was simply to bombard cities and starports as well as industrial facilities.
Siege orbit
In a siege orbit, the units in the fleet are placed around the planet so as to prevent enemy ships from leaving and entering. Siege orbits thus reduced the number of logistic assets of the defenders and also allowed for the bombardment of enemy ground forces wherever they would concentrate.
Unther considered this a more risky alternative to the objective orbit, and argued that the orbital siege at the Battle of Hoth was an example of the weaknesses of siege orbits as Darth Vader's invasion force were somewhat handicapped due to Admiral Ozzel's mistake during the approach phase. Because the fleet came out of hyperspace too close to the Hoth system, the fleet units had to rush to get to their assigned positions, giving them little time for deploying fighter escorts. Several Rebel ships managed to escape the system before Imperial vessels had reached their planetary orbital positions.
Defending forces
An important aspect of this phase was, according to Unther, knowledge of the defending forces, as there were several different ways to defend a system from planetary assault. The unorthodox strategies of Carigan at the Battle of Bryx caused severe problems for the Imperial invasion fleet. The most common type of planetary defense, however, was the starfighter-based space-snipe strategy.
Invasion was the third stage in a planetary assault operation. Naval strategist Michael Unther argued that, while this stage which covered the ground battle for control of the planet was not the responsibility of the commander of the invasion fleet, it was a good idea to have some insight into this phase after all.
There were certain situations where the fleet could be called for to perform certain tasks such as taking out planetary shield generators, bombarding the planet into submission. Here, it was important to know which targets to destroy, like military targets, and which targets to avoid, like hospitals. The fleet could also be asked to clear landing zones; the density and nature of the bombardment depended on the units to be landed.
Control was the final, and according to strategist Michael Unther of the Galactic Empire, the most important phase in a planetary assault operation. It consisted in maintaining control of the conquered system.
According to Unther some important aspects of this phase were inducing fear in the inhabitants (by threatening them into submission with orbital bombardments), gaining cultural knowledge (study the local culture and traditions to gain more knowledge about the inhabitants), and propaganda. Knowledge of the enemy allowed for designing the most effective type of propaganda. Another important aspect of propaganda was to blame acts of sabotage on resisting military forces. Thus, Imperials often blamed the Rebellion for committing terrorism and causing famines. An often successful strategy was to bring food to the inhabitants after gaining control over their planet in order to gain their sympathy and admiration.