Chapter 5の解答例を作成してみました。
基本的に、テキストの文章からつまみ食いしながら書いたものです。
当然ながら、粗がたくさんあると思うので、突っ込み頼むよ！
[目下の問題点]
5.7 ちょっと長すぎ？もう少し短くしたい。
5.10 本文中に明確な根拠が認められなかったので、内容自体が合ってるかどうか
5.13 問いに対する解答として、前半部分の内容が必要かどうか
5.7
First, when the atria contract, the ventricles are relaxed and filling with blood. The atrioventricular valves are open, and the semilunar valves are closed. Then, when the ventricles contract, the atrioventricular valves are closed, the semilunar valves are open, and the blood is pumped into the pulmonary trunk and aorta. These two working phases are called systole together. Last, when the heart is relaxed, both the atria and ventricles are filling with blood. The atrioventricular valves are open, and the semilunar valves are closed. This resting phase is called diastole.
The SA node sends out a stimulus, which causes the atria to contract. When this stimulus reaches the AV node, it signals the ventricles to contract. Impulses pass down the two branches of the atrioventricular bundle to the Purkinje fibers, and thereafter, the ventricles contract. In this way, SA node and AV node regulate the rhythmical contractions of the heart.
5.10
There are two reasons why skeletal muscle contraction has an affect on venous flow but not arterial flow. One of them is the thickness of the vessel. Arterial wall is thicker than venous one so that it is relatively unlikely to be affected by skeletal muscles contraction. And the other is the existence of valves in the vessel. Skeletal muscle pump works as the valves don't allow the blood to flow backward, so it never works in arteries that has no valve even though they have some affects of skeletal muscles contraction.
5.13
At the arterial end of a capillary, the blood pressure is higher than the osmotic pressure; therefore, water tends to leave the bloodstream. At the venous end, at the same time, water tends to move adversely because the proportion of the two forces, the blood pressure and the osmotic pressure, get upside down.
On the other hand, in the midsection, because the two forces essentially cancel each other, solutes, such as glucose or carbon dioxide, now diffuse according to their concentration gradients. Glucose diffuse out of the capillary as a nutrient that cells nearby need, and carbon dioxide diffuse into the capillary as a waste.
基本的に、テキストの文章からつまみ食いしながら書いたものです。
当然ながら、粗がたくさんあると思うので、突っ込み頼むよ！
[目下の問題点]
5.7 ちょっと長すぎ？もう少し短くしたい。
5.10 本文中に明確な根拠が認められなかったので、内容自体が合ってるかどうか
5.13 問いに対する解答として、前半部分の内容が必要かどうか
5.7
First, when the atria contract, the ventricles are relaxed and filling with blood. The atrioventricular valves are open, and the semilunar valves are closed. Then, when the ventricles contract, the atrioventricular valves are closed, the semilunar valves are open, and the blood is pumped into the pulmonary trunk and aorta. These two working phases are called systole together. Last, when the heart is relaxed, both the atria and ventricles are filling with blood. The atrioventricular valves are open, and the semilunar valves are closed. This resting phase is called diastole.
The SA node sends out a stimulus, which causes the atria to contract. When this stimulus reaches the AV node, it signals the ventricles to contract. Impulses pass down the two branches of the atrioventricular bundle to the Purkinje fibers, and thereafter, the ventricles contract. In this way, SA node and AV node regulate the rhythmical contractions of the heart.
5.10
There are two reasons why skeletal muscle contraction has an affect on venous flow but not arterial flow. One of them is the thickness of the vessel. Arterial wall is thicker than venous one so that it is relatively unlikely to be affected by skeletal muscles contraction. And the other is the existence of valves in the vessel. Skeletal muscle pump works as the valves don't allow the blood to flow backward, so it never works in arteries that has no valve even though they have some affects of skeletal muscles contraction.
5.13
At the arterial end of a capillary, the blood pressure is higher than the osmotic pressure; therefore, water tends to leave the bloodstream. At the venous end, at the same time, water tends to move adversely because the proportion of the two forces, the blood pressure and the osmotic pressure, get upside down.
On the other hand, in the midsection, because the two forces essentially cancel each other, solutes, such as glucose or carbon dioxide, now diffuse according to their concentration gradients. Glucose diffuse out of the capillary as a nutrient that cells nearby need, and carbon dioxide diffuse into the capillary as a waste.
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コメント(3)
うーん、どうなんだろう。
すっごい答えにくいｗ
ほとんど同じことじゃないかなぁ。
ただ俺が圧力じゃなくて壁の厚さの話にしたのは、本文中に↓のような文章があったから。
"When skeletal muscles contract, they compress the weak walls of the weins."(p.93右上)
「『弱い』静脈壁」っていう表現をあえてとってるように思えたんで、骨格筋ポンプ効果が存在するか否かは、血管壁構造の違いを根拠にした方が良さそうだと考えたんよ。
ただ、細かい話なんで、どっちかが×になるというような、二者択一的なことではないと思う。
すっごい答えにくいｗ
ほとんど同じことじゃないかなぁ。
ただ俺が圧力じゃなくて壁の厚さの話にしたのは、本文中に↓のような文章があったから。
"When skeletal muscles contract, they compress the weak walls of the weins."(p.93右上)
「『弱い』静脈壁」っていう表現をあえてとってるように思えたんで、骨格筋ポンプ効果が存在するか否かは、血管壁構造の違いを根拠にした方が良さそうだと考えたんよ。
ただ、細かい話なんで、どっちかが×になるというような、二者択一的なことではないと思う。
文法的な訂正。
5.10 第三文
（誤）Arterial wall is thicker than venous one so that it is relatively unlikely to be affected by skeletal muscles contraction.
（正）Arterial wall is thicker than venous one, so that it is relatively unlikely to be affected by skeletal muscles contraction.
→"so that"の前のカンマが抜けているので追加して下さい。意味が変わっちゃいます。
5.10 第三文
（誤）Arterial wall is thicker than venous one so that it is relatively unlikely to be affected by skeletal muscles contraction.
（正）Arterial wall is thicker than venous one, so that it is relatively unlikely to be affected by skeletal muscles contraction.
→"so that"の前のカンマが抜けているので追加して下さい。意味が変わっちゃいます。
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