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コロナ巣ごもりのあいだは、時事英語の題材を提供しています。
がんばって読んでください。
前半の語句の説明をくりかえして音読し、
そのあと本文を読んでみてください。
英英だけできつい場合は、英和辞典を併用してくださいね。
One-shot vaccine proves effective, says Johnson & Johnson
mutate [intransitive]
1 if an animal or plant mutates, it becomes different from others of the same kind, because of a change in its genetic structure
Simple organisms like bacteria mutate rapidly.
mutant [countable]
an animal or plant that is different in some way from others of the same kind, because of a change in its genetic structure
be/keep/stay one step ahead (of somebody)
a) to be better prepared for something or know more about something than someone else
A good teacher is always at least one step ahead of his students.
b) to manage not to be caught by someone who is trying to find or catch you
preliminary
happening before something that is more important, often in order to prepare for it
the preliminary stages of the competition
formula (plural formulas or formulae )
1 [singular] a method or set of principles that you use to solve a problem or to make sure that something is successful
We’re still searching for a peace formula.
formula for
a formula for the withdrawal of US forces from the area
There is no magic formula (=a method that is certain to be successful) that will transform sorrow into happiness.
markedly
Synonyms: noticeably, greatly, clearly, obviously
rocky
Synonyms: unstable, weak, doubtful
inoculate [transitive]
to protect someone against a disease by putting a weak form of the disease into their body using a needle
inoculate somebody against something
All the children had been inoculated against hepatitis.
cf.
immunize
vaccinate
vaccinate [transitive] immunize
to protect a person or animal from a disease by giving them a vaccine
vaccinate somebody against something
All children should be vaccinated against measles.
scourge [countable]
something that causes a lot of harm or suffering
scourge of
the scourge of unemployment
the scourge of war
interim
intended to be used or accepted for a short time only, until something or someone final can be made or found
an interim report
Synonyms: temporary, provisional, makeshift, acting
cf.
in the iterim
contagious
1 a disease that is contagious can be passed from person to person by touch → infectious
2 a person who is contagious has a disease that can be passed to another person by touch → infectious
The patient is still highly contagious.
3 if a feeling, attitude, or action is contagious, other people are quickly affected by it and begin to have it or do it → infectious
her contagious enthusiasm
One-shot vaccine proves effective, says Johnson & Johnson
NEW YORK
The first one-shot COVID-19 vaccine provides good protection against the illness, Johnson & Johnson reported in a key study released Friday, offering the world a potentially important new tool as it races to stay ahead of the rapidly mutating virus.
The pharmaceutical giant's preliminary findings suggest the single-dose option may not be as strong as Pfizer's or Moderna's two-dose formula, and was markedly weaker against a worrisome mutated version of the virus in South Africa.
But amid a rocky start to vaccinations worldwide, that may be an acceptable trade-off to get more people inoculated faster with an easier-to-handle shot that, unlike rival vaccines that must be kept frozen, can last months in the refrigerator.
“Frankly, simple is beautiful,” said Dr. Matt Hepburn, the U.S. government's COVID-19 vaccine response leader.
J&J plans to seek emergency use authorization in the U.S. within a week. It expects to supply 100 million doses to the U.S. by June, and a billion doses globally by year's end, but declined to say how much could be ready if the Food and Drug Administration gives the green light.
Defeating the scourge that has killed more than 2 million people worldwide will require vaccinating billions. The shots being rolled out in different countries so far all require two doses a few weeks apart for full protection. More than 21 million Americans have received a first dose of Pfizer or Moderna shots since vaccinations began last month, but just 4 million have gotten their second dose.
Also Friday, regulators cleared a third option, AstraZeneca's vaccine, for use throughout the European Union. The decision came amid criticism that the 27-nation bloc(=the EU) is not moving fast enough, as well as concern that there's not enough data to tell how well the vaccine works in older people.
J&J studied its one-dose option in 44,000 people in the U.S., Latin America and South Africa. Interim results found the shot 66% effective overall at preventing moderate to severe COVID-19, and much more protective-85%- against the most serious symptoms. There were no serious side effects.
“Gambling on one dose was certainly worthwhile,” Dr. Mathai Mammen, global research chief for J&J’s Janssen Pharmaceutical unit, told The Associated Press.
The vaccine worked better in the U.S.-72% effective against moderate to severe COVID-19 - compared with 66% in Latin America and 57% in South Africa, where a more contagious mutant virus is spreading.
The reduced protection against that mutation is “really a wake-up call,” said Dr. Anthony Fauci, the top U.S. infectious-disease expert.
The more the virus is allowed to spread, the more opportunities it has to mutate. Vaccine makers are looking into how to alter their shots if necessary.
For now, the findings are an incentive “to vaccinate as many people as we possibly can," Fauci stressed.
Data is mixed on how well other vaccines being used around the world work, but the Pfizer and Moderna shots were 95% protective in large U.S. studies.
It's not fair to compare studies done before the record surges of recent months and discovery of new mutants - they might not turn out the same today, cautioned Dr. Jesse Goodman of Georgetown University, a former FDA vaccine chief.
The J&J protection is “good enough to help attack a pandemic,” Goodman said. “The advantage of having more vaccine, in a single shot, would be significant.”
Researchers tracked illnesses starting 28 days after vaccination - about the time when, if participants were getting a two-dose variety instead, they would have needed another shot.
After Day 28, no one who got vaccinated needed hospitalization or died, regardless of whether they were exposed to the original virus or "these particularly nasty variants,” Mammen said. When the vaccinated did become infected, they had a milder illness.
コロナ巣ごもりのあいだは、時事英語の題材を提供しています。
がんばって読んでください。
前半の語句の説明をくりかえして音読し、
そのあと本文を読んでみてください。
英英だけできつい場合は、英和辞典を併用してくださいね。
One-shot vaccine proves effective, says Johnson & Johnson
mutate [intransitive]
1 if an animal or plant mutates, it becomes different from others of the same kind, because of a change in its genetic structure
Simple organisms like bacteria mutate rapidly.
mutant [countable]
an animal or plant that is different in some way from others of the same kind, because of a change in its genetic structure
be/keep/stay one step ahead (of somebody)
a) to be better prepared for something or know more about something than someone else
A good teacher is always at least one step ahead of his students.
b) to manage not to be caught by someone who is trying to find or catch you
preliminary
happening before something that is more important, often in order to prepare for it
the preliminary stages of the competition
formula (plural formulas or formulae )
1 [singular] a method or set of principles that you use to solve a problem or to make sure that something is successful
We’re still searching for a peace formula.
formula for
a formula for the withdrawal of US forces from the area
There is no magic formula (=a method that is certain to be successful) that will transform sorrow into happiness.
markedly
Synonyms: noticeably, greatly, clearly, obviously
rocky
Synonyms: unstable, weak, doubtful
inoculate [transitive]
to protect someone against a disease by putting a weak form of the disease into their body using a needle
inoculate somebody against something
All the children had been inoculated against hepatitis.
cf.
immunize
vaccinate
vaccinate [transitive] immunize
to protect a person or animal from a disease by giving them a vaccine
vaccinate somebody against something
All children should be vaccinated against measles.
scourge [countable]
something that causes a lot of harm or suffering
scourge of
the scourge of unemployment
the scourge of war
interim
intended to be used or accepted for a short time only, until something or someone final can be made or found
an interim report
Synonyms: temporary, provisional, makeshift, acting
cf.
in the iterim
contagious
1 a disease that is contagious can be passed from person to person by touch → infectious
2 a person who is contagious has a disease that can be passed to another person by touch → infectious
The patient is still highly contagious.
3 if a feeling, attitude, or action is contagious, other people are quickly affected by it and begin to have it or do it → infectious
her contagious enthusiasm
One-shot vaccine proves effective, says Johnson & Johnson
NEW YORK
The first one-shot COVID-19 vaccine provides good protection against the illness, Johnson & Johnson reported in a key study released Friday, offering the world a potentially important new tool as it races to stay ahead of the rapidly mutating virus.
The pharmaceutical giant's preliminary findings suggest the single-dose option may not be as strong as Pfizer's or Moderna's two-dose formula, and was markedly weaker against a worrisome mutated version of the virus in South Africa.
But amid a rocky start to vaccinations worldwide, that may be an acceptable trade-off to get more people inoculated faster with an easier-to-handle shot that, unlike rival vaccines that must be kept frozen, can last months in the refrigerator.
“Frankly, simple is beautiful,” said Dr. Matt Hepburn, the U.S. government's COVID-19 vaccine response leader.
J&J plans to seek emergency use authorization in the U.S. within a week. It expects to supply 100 million doses to the U.S. by June, and a billion doses globally by year's end, but declined to say how much could be ready if the Food and Drug Administration gives the green light.
Defeating the scourge that has killed more than 2 million people worldwide will require vaccinating billions. The shots being rolled out in different countries so far all require two doses a few weeks apart for full protection. More than 21 million Americans have received a first dose of Pfizer or Moderna shots since vaccinations began last month, but just 4 million have gotten their second dose.
Also Friday, regulators cleared a third option, AstraZeneca's vaccine, for use throughout the European Union. The decision came amid criticism that the 27-nation bloc(=the EU) is not moving fast enough, as well as concern that there's not enough data to tell how well the vaccine works in older people.
J&J studied its one-dose option in 44,000 people in the U.S., Latin America and South Africa. Interim results found the shot 66% effective overall at preventing moderate to severe COVID-19, and much more protective-85%- against the most serious symptoms. There were no serious side effects.
“Gambling on one dose was certainly worthwhile,” Dr. Mathai Mammen, global research chief for J&J’s Janssen Pharmaceutical unit, told The Associated Press.
The vaccine worked better in the U.S.-72% effective against moderate to severe COVID-19 - compared with 66% in Latin America and 57% in South Africa, where a more contagious mutant virus is spreading.
The reduced protection against that mutation is “really a wake-up call,” said Dr. Anthony Fauci, the top U.S. infectious-disease expert.
The more the virus is allowed to spread, the more opportunities it has to mutate. Vaccine makers are looking into how to alter their shots if necessary.
For now, the findings are an incentive “to vaccinate as many people as we possibly can," Fauci stressed.
Data is mixed on how well other vaccines being used around the world work, but the Pfizer and Moderna shots were 95% protective in large U.S. studies.
It's not fair to compare studies done before the record surges of recent months and discovery of new mutants - they might not turn out the same today, cautioned Dr. Jesse Goodman of Georgetown University, a former FDA vaccine chief.
The J&J protection is “good enough to help attack a pandemic,” Goodman said. “The advantage of having more vaccine, in a single shot, would be significant.”
Researchers tracked illnesses starting 28 days after vaccination - about the time when, if participants were getting a two-dose variety instead, they would have needed another shot.
After Day 28, no one who got vaccinated needed hospitalization or died, regardless of whether they were exposed to the original virus or "these particularly nasty variants,” Mammen said. When the vaccinated did become infected, they had a milder illness.
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