2006,6,3
No Christian more firmly believes that Atheism is false, and tends to the dissolution of society, than Marcus Aurelius believed the same things of Christianity; he who, of all men then living, might have been thought the most capable of appreciating it. Unless any one who approves of punishment for the promulgation of opinions, flatters himself that he is a wiser and better man than Marcus Aurelius;more deeply versed in the wisdom of his time, more elevated in his intellect above it;more earnest in his search for truth, or more single-minded in his devotion to it when found;let him abstain from that assumption of the joint infallibility of himself and the multitude, which the great Antoninus made with so unfortunate a result.
Aware of the impossibility of defending the use of punishment for restraining irreligious opinions, by any argument which will not justify Marcus Antoninus, the enemies of religious freedom, when hard pressed, occasionally accept this consequence, and say, with Dr. Johnson, that the persecutors of Christianity were in the right; that persecution is an ordeal through which truth ought to pass, and always passes successfully, legal penalties being, in the end, powerless against truth, though sometimes beneficially effective against mischievous errors. This is a form of the argument for religious intolerance, sufficiently remarkable not to be passed without notice. 15
A theory which maintains that truth may justifiably be persecuted because persecution cannot possibly do it any harm, cannot be charged with being intentionally hostile to the reception of new truths; but we cannot commend the generosity of its dealing with the persons to whom mankind are indebted for them. To discover to the world something which deeply concerns it, and of which it was previously ignorant; to prove to it that it had been mistaken on some vital point of temporal or spiritual interest, is as important a service as a human being can render to his fellow-creatures, and in certain cases, as in those of the early Christians and of the Reformers, those who think with Dr. Johnson believe it to have been the most precious gift which could be bestowed on mankind. That the authors of such splendid benefits should be requited by martyrdom; that their reward should be to be dealt with as the vilest of criminals, is not, upon this theory, a deplorable error and misfortune, for which humanity should mourn in sackcloth and ashes, but the normal and justifiable state of things. The propounder of a new truth, according to this doctrine, should stand, as stood, in the legislation of the Locrians, the proposer of a new law, with a halter round his neck, to be instantly tightened if the public assembly did not, on hearing his reasons, then and there adopt his proposition. People who defend this mode of treating benefactors, cannot be supposed to set much value on the benefit; and I believe this view of the subject is mostly confined to the sort of persons who think that new truths may have been desirable once, but that we have had enough of them now.
No Christian more firmly believes that Atheism is false, and tends to the dissolution of society, than Marcus Aurelius believed the same things of Christianity; he who, of all men then living, might have been thought the most capable of appreciating it. Unless any one who approves of punishment for the promulgation of opinions, flatters himself that he is a wiser and better man than Marcus Aurelius;more deeply versed in the wisdom of his time, more elevated in his intellect above it;more earnest in his search for truth, or more single-minded in his devotion to it when found;let him abstain from that assumption of the joint infallibility of himself and the multitude, which the great Antoninus made with so unfortunate a result.
Aware of the impossibility of defending the use of punishment for restraining irreligious opinions, by any argument which will not justify Marcus Antoninus, the enemies of religious freedom, when hard pressed, occasionally accept this consequence, and say, with Dr. Johnson, that the persecutors of Christianity were in the right; that persecution is an ordeal through which truth ought to pass, and always passes successfully, legal penalties being, in the end, powerless against truth, though sometimes beneficially effective against mischievous errors. This is a form of the argument for religious intolerance, sufficiently remarkable not to be passed without notice. 15
A theory which maintains that truth may justifiably be persecuted because persecution cannot possibly do it any harm, cannot be charged with being intentionally hostile to the reception of new truths; but we cannot commend the generosity of its dealing with the persons to whom mankind are indebted for them. To discover to the world something which deeply concerns it, and of which it was previously ignorant; to prove to it that it had been mistaken on some vital point of temporal or spiritual interest, is as important a service as a human being can render to his fellow-creatures, and in certain cases, as in those of the early Christians and of the Reformers, those who think with Dr. Johnson believe it to have been the most precious gift which could be bestowed on mankind. That the authors of such splendid benefits should be requited by martyrdom; that their reward should be to be dealt with as the vilest of criminals, is not, upon this theory, a deplorable error and misfortune, for which humanity should mourn in sackcloth and ashes, but the normal and justifiable state of things. The propounder of a new truth, according to this doctrine, should stand, as stood, in the legislation of the Locrians, the proposer of a new law, with a halter round his neck, to be instantly tightened if the public assembly did not, on hearing his reasons, then and there adopt his proposition. People who defend this mode of treating benefactors, cannot be supposed to set much value on the benefit; and I believe this view of the subject is mostly confined to the sort of persons who think that new truths may have been desirable once, but that we have had enough of them now.
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words
No Christian more firmly believes that Atheism is false, and tends to the dissolution of society, than Marcus Aurelius believed the same things of Christianity; he who, of all men then living, might have been thought the most capable of appreciating it.
Atheism 無神論
dissolution 分解
appreciate 真価を認める
Unless any one who approves of punishment for the promulgation of opinions, flatters himself that he is a wiser and better man than Marcus Aurelius;more deeply versed in the wisdom of his time, more elevated in his intellect above it;more earnest in his search for truth, or more single-minded in his devotion to it when found;let him abstain from that assumption of the joint infallibility of himself and the multitude, which the great Antoninus made with so unfortunate a result.
unless もし でなければ
approve 良いと認める
promulgation 公表
verse
elevate 高める
devotion 献身
abstain 慎む
assumption 仮定
multitude 多数
Aware of the impossibility of defending the use of punishment for restraining irreligious opinions, by any argument which will not justify Marcus Antoninus, the enemies of religious freedom, when hard pressed, occasionally accept this consequence, and say, with Dr. Johnson, that the persecutors of Christianity were in the right; that persecution is an ordeal through which truth ought to pass, and always passes successfully, legal penalties being, in the end, powerless against truth, though sometimes beneficially effective against mischievous errors.
defending 守る
restrain 抑える
persecution 迫害
ordeal 厳しい試練
mischievous 悪意のある
This is a form of the argument for religious intolerance, sufficiently remarkable not to be passed without notice.
sufficiently 十分に
A theory which maintains that truth may justifiably be persecuted because persecution cannot possibly do it any harm, cannot be charged with being intentionally hostile to the reception of new truths; but we cannot commend the generosity of its dealing with the persons to whom mankind are indebted for them.
justifiably 正当に
charge 告発する
generosity 気前のよさ
indebted 恩を受けて
To discover to the world something which deeply concerns it, and of which it was previously ignorant; to prove to it that it had been mistaken on some vital point of temporal or spiritual interest, is as important a service as a human being can render to his fellow-creatures, and in certain cases, as in those of the early Christians and of the Reformers, those who think with Dr. Johnson believe it to have been the most precious gift which could be bestowed on mankind.
render 与える
Reformers 改革家
bestowed 授ける
That the authors of such splendid benefits should be requited by martyrdom; that their reward should be to be dealt with as the vilest of criminals, is not, upon this theory, a deplorable error and misfortune, for which humanity should mourn in sackcloth and ashes, but the normal and justifiable state of things.
requite 報いる
martyrdom 殉教
vile 不道徳な
deplorable 嘆かわしい
sackcloth 袋用の粗服
The propounder of a new truth, according to this doctrine, should stand, as stood, in the legislation of the Locrians, the proposer of a new law, with a halter round his neck, to be instantly tightened if the public assembly did not, on hearing his reasons, then and there adopt his proposition.
propound 提出する
legislation 立法
proposer 提案者
halter 絞首索
assembly 集会
proposition 提案
People who defend this mode of treating benefactors, cannot be supposed to set much value on the benefit; and I believe this view of the subject is mostly confined to the sort of persons who think that new truths may have been desirable once, but that we have had enough of them now.
benefactor 恩人、後援者
confined 限られた、狭い
No Christian more firmly believes that Atheism is false, and tends to the dissolution of society, than Marcus Aurelius believed the same things of Christianity; he who, of all men then living, might have been thought the most capable of appreciating it.
Atheism 無神論
dissolution 分解
appreciate 真価を認める
Unless any one who approves of punishment for the promulgation of opinions, flatters himself that he is a wiser and better man than Marcus Aurelius;more deeply versed in the wisdom of his time, more elevated in his intellect above it;more earnest in his search for truth, or more single-minded in his devotion to it when found;let him abstain from that assumption of the joint infallibility of himself and the multitude, which the great Antoninus made with so unfortunate a result.
unless もし でなければ
approve 良いと認める
promulgation 公表
verse
elevate 高める
devotion 献身
abstain 慎む
assumption 仮定
multitude 多数
Aware of the impossibility of defending the use of punishment for restraining irreligious opinions, by any argument which will not justify Marcus Antoninus, the enemies of religious freedom, when hard pressed, occasionally accept this consequence, and say, with Dr. Johnson, that the persecutors of Christianity were in the right; that persecution is an ordeal through which truth ought to pass, and always passes successfully, legal penalties being, in the end, powerless against truth, though sometimes beneficially effective against mischievous errors.
defending 守る
restrain 抑える
persecution 迫害
ordeal 厳しい試練
mischievous 悪意のある
This is a form of the argument for religious intolerance, sufficiently remarkable not to be passed without notice.
sufficiently 十分に
A theory which maintains that truth may justifiably be persecuted because persecution cannot possibly do it any harm, cannot be charged with being intentionally hostile to the reception of new truths; but we cannot commend the generosity of its dealing with the persons to whom mankind are indebted for them.
justifiably 正当に
charge 告発する
generosity 気前のよさ
indebted 恩を受けて
To discover to the world something which deeply concerns it, and of which it was previously ignorant; to prove to it that it had been mistaken on some vital point of temporal or spiritual interest, is as important a service as a human being can render to his fellow-creatures, and in certain cases, as in those of the early Christians and of the Reformers, those who think with Dr. Johnson believe it to have been the most precious gift which could be bestowed on mankind.
render 与える
Reformers 改革家
bestowed 授ける
That the authors of such splendid benefits should be requited by martyrdom; that their reward should be to be dealt with as the vilest of criminals, is not, upon this theory, a deplorable error and misfortune, for which humanity should mourn in sackcloth and ashes, but the normal and justifiable state of things.
requite 報いる
martyrdom 殉教
vile 不道徳な
deplorable 嘆かわしい
sackcloth 袋用の粗服
The propounder of a new truth, according to this doctrine, should stand, as stood, in the legislation of the Locrians, the proposer of a new law, with a halter round his neck, to be instantly tightened if the public assembly did not, on hearing his reasons, then and there adopt his proposition.
propound 提出する
legislation 立法
proposer 提案者
halter 絞首索
assembly 集会
proposition 提案
People who defend this mode of treating benefactors, cannot be supposed to set much value on the benefit; and I believe this view of the subject is mostly confined to the sort of persons who think that new truths may have been desirable once, but that we have had enough of them now.
benefactor 恩人、後援者
confined 限られた、狭い
No Christian more firmly believes that Atheism is false, and tends to the dissolution of society,
無なるキリスト教徒が、無神論は間違いであり、社会を崩壊させる蛍光にあると、より硬く、信じていた（誰よりもかというと）
than Marcus Aurelius believed the same things of Christianity; マルクスアウレリウスが同じ事をキリスト教について信じていた以上に(と同様に）
he who, of all men then living, might have been thought the most capable of appreciating it.
彼(マルクスアウレリウス）はそのときに生きていた人たちの中では最もそれ（キリスト教）の真価を認識する力があったと思われていた。
無なるキリスト教徒が、無神論は間違いであり、社会を崩壊させる蛍光にあると、より硬く、信じていた（誰よりもかというと）
than Marcus Aurelius believed the same things of Christianity; マルクスアウレリウスが同じ事をキリスト教について信じていた以上に(と同様に）
he who, of all men then living, might have been thought the most capable of appreciating it.
彼(マルクスアウレリウス）はそのときに生きていた人たちの中では最もそれ（キリスト教）の真価を認識する力があったと思われていた。
Unless
any one who approves of punishment for the promulgation of opinions,
意見の宣伝に対して処罰を是認する人はすべて、
flatters himself that he is a wiser and better man than Marcus Aurelius;
彼はマルクスアウレリウスよりも賢く、よい人間であるとうぬぼれる
more deeply versed in the wisdom of his time,
彼の時代の知恵によりよく精通しており、
more elevated in his intellect above it;
彼の時代の知恵よりもより高い知性をもっており、
more earnest in his search for truth,
真理の探究においてより熱心であり、
or more single-minded in his devotion to it when found;
もし、それ（真理）が見つかったらそれに献身するようにより専念し、
というように自惚れる人でない限り（ここで文頭のUnlessに続く）
let him abstain from that assumption of the joint infallibility of himself and the multitude,
彼に対して、彼自身と大衆の共同の間違いという仮定から引き下がるようにさせよう。
which the great Antoninus made with so unfortunate a result.
その共通の間違いの仮定とは、偉大なアントニヌスが犯し、非常に不幸な結果をもたらしたのである。
any one who approves of punishment for the promulgation of opinions,
意見の宣伝に対して処罰を是認する人はすべて、
flatters himself that he is a wiser and better man than Marcus Aurelius;
彼はマルクスアウレリウスよりも賢く、よい人間であるとうぬぼれる
more deeply versed in the wisdom of his time,
彼の時代の知恵によりよく精通しており、
more elevated in his intellect above it;
彼の時代の知恵よりもより高い知性をもっており、
more earnest in his search for truth,
真理の探究においてより熱心であり、
or more single-minded in his devotion to it when found;
もし、それ（真理）が見つかったらそれに献身するようにより専念し、
というように自惚れる人でない限り（ここで文頭のUnlessに続く）
let him abstain from that assumption of the joint infallibility of himself and the multitude,
彼に対して、彼自身と大衆の共同の間違いという仮定から引き下がるようにさせよう。
which the great Antoninus made with so unfortunate a result.
その共通の間違いの仮定とは、偉大なアントニヌスが犯し、非常に不幸な結果をもたらしたのである。
Aware of the impossibility of defending the use of punishment
罰則を用いることが不可能であることを知っていながら
for restraining irreligious opinions,
不敬虔な意見を抑制するという目的のために、
by any argument which will not justify Marcus Antoninus,マルクスアウレリウスを正当化しえないいかなる議論によって、
the enemies of religious freedom, when hard pressed, occasionally accept this consequence,
宗教の自由の敵は、強く圧迫されたら、時としてこの結果を受け入れるのである。
and say, with Dr. Johnson, that the persecutors of Christianity were in the right;
そして、ジョンソン博士のように、キリスト教の迫害者たちは正しい、というのである。
that persecution is an ordeal through which truth ought to pass,
というのは、迫害は真理が経由しなければならない試練であり、
and always passes successfully,
成功裏に通過する、
legal penalties being, in the end, powerless against truth,
法律による罰則は最終的には真理に対して力は持ち得ない、
though sometimes beneficially effective against mischievous errors.
時として、有害な間違い（間違った意見）に対しては、善意的に効果的であるが、という。
罰則を用いることが不可能であることを知っていながら
for restraining irreligious opinions,
不敬虔な意見を抑制するという目的のために、
by any argument which will not justify Marcus Antoninus,マルクスアウレリウスを正当化しえないいかなる議論によって、
the enemies of religious freedom, when hard pressed, occasionally accept this consequence,
宗教の自由の敵は、強く圧迫されたら、時としてこの結果を受け入れるのである。
and say, with Dr. Johnson, that the persecutors of Christianity were in the right;
そして、ジョンソン博士のように、キリスト教の迫害者たちは正しい、というのである。
that persecution is an ordeal through which truth ought to pass,
というのは、迫害は真理が経由しなければならない試練であり、
and always passes successfully,
成功裏に通過する、
legal penalties being, in the end, powerless against truth,
法律による罰則は最終的には真理に対して力は持ち得ない、
though sometimes beneficially effective against mischievous errors.
時として、有害な間違い（間違った意見）に対しては、善意的に効果的であるが、という。
A theory which maintains that
以下のことを主張する理論は
truth may justifiably be persecuted because persecution cannot possibly do it any harm,
（何を主張するかと言うと）真理は迫害されるのは正当である、というのは、迫害は真理に対して外を与えることはできないからである、と。
cannot be charged with being intentionally hostile to the reception of new truths;
（そのような説は）新しい真理の受け入れに対して意図的に敵対的であると非難されえない。
but we cannot commend the generosity of its dealing with the persons to whom mankind are indebted for them.
しかし、我々は、この真理に関して人類が負っている（感謝しなければならない）人たちを処遇する優しさについて、誉めることはできない。
以下のことを主張する理論は
truth may justifiably be persecuted because persecution cannot possibly do it any harm,
（何を主張するかと言うと）真理は迫害されるのは正当である、というのは、迫害は真理に対して外を与えることはできないからである、と。
cannot be charged with being intentionally hostile to the reception of new truths;
（そのような説は）新しい真理の受け入れに対して意図的に敵対的であると非難されえない。
but we cannot commend the generosity of its dealing with the persons to whom mankind are indebted for them.
しかし、我々は、この真理に関して人類が負っている（感謝しなければならない）人たちを処遇する優しさについて、誉めることはできない。
To discover to the world something which deeply concerns it,
この世界に対して、世界が深く関係している何かを発見することは
and of which it was previously ignorant;
そしてそれは以前は全く知らなかったことを、
to prove to it that it had been mistaken on some vital point of temporal or spiritual interest,
俗的なまた、霊的な重要な事柄に関して、（これまでは）間違っていたのだ、ということを示すことは、
is as important a service as a human being can render to his fellow-creatures,
共に生きている人たちに対して、人類としてなしうる重要な奉仕である。
and in certain cases, as in those of the early Christians and of the Reformers,
そして、初期のキリスト教徒や宗教改革者の間におけるように
those who think with Dr. Johnson believe it to have been the most precious gift which could be bestowed on mankind.
彼らは、ジョンソン博士のように、人類に対して賦与され得る最も高価な贈り物であると信じたと考えた。
この世界に対して、世界が深く関係している何かを発見することは
and of which it was previously ignorant;
そしてそれは以前は全く知らなかったことを、
to prove to it that it had been mistaken on some vital point of temporal or spiritual interest,
俗的なまた、霊的な重要な事柄に関して、（これまでは）間違っていたのだ、ということを示すことは、
is as important a service as a human being can render to his fellow-creatures,
共に生きている人たちに対して、人類としてなしうる重要な奉仕である。
and in certain cases, as in those of the early Christians and of the Reformers,
そして、初期のキリスト教徒や宗教改革者の間におけるように
those who think with Dr. Johnson believe it to have been the most precious gift which could be bestowed on mankind.
彼らは、ジョンソン博士のように、人類に対して賦与され得る最も高価な贈り物であると信じたと考えた。
That the authors of such splendid benefits should be requited by martyrdom;
そのようなすばらしい利益の著者達は、殉教をもって報いられなければならないということは、
that their reward should be to be dealt with as the vilest of criminals,
彼らの報酬は犯罪人の頭として取り扱われるべきこと、というのは、
is not, upon this theory, a deplorable error and misfortune,
この理論によれば、不幸でもなく、残念な間違いでもない。
for which humanity should mourn in sackcloth and ashes, but the normal and justifiable state of things.
それに対して、人間は灰をかぶり麻布の衣をきて喪に服すべき、（ものではなく）、普通であり、ものごとの正当な状態なのである。
そのようなすばらしい利益の著者達は、殉教をもって報いられなければならないということは、
that their reward should be to be dealt with as the vilest of criminals,
彼らの報酬は犯罪人の頭として取り扱われるべきこと、というのは、
is not, upon this theory, a deplorable error and misfortune,
この理論によれば、不幸でもなく、残念な間違いでもない。
for which humanity should mourn in sackcloth and ashes, but the normal and justifiable state of things.
それに対して、人間は灰をかぶり麻布の衣をきて喪に服すべき、（ものではなく）、普通であり、ものごとの正当な状態なのである。
The propounder of a new truth, according to this doctrine,
この理論によれば新しい真理の提出者は
should stand, as stood, in the legislation of the Locrians, the proposer of a new law,
ロクリアンの法律制定において、新しい法律の提案者が、立ったように、立つべきである。
with a halter round his neck,
首に綱を回して
to be instantly tightened if the public assembly did not, on hearing his reasons, then and there adopt his proposition.
もし、その大衆の集会が、彼の理由付けを聞いて即座に彼の提案を採用しなかったときには、（その綱を）引き締めるために
この理論によれば新しい真理の提出者は
should stand, as stood, in the legislation of the Locrians, the proposer of a new law,
ロクリアンの法律制定において、新しい法律の提案者が、立ったように、立つべきである。
with a halter round his neck,
首に綱を回して
to be instantly tightened if the public assembly did not, on hearing his reasons, then and there adopt his proposition.
もし、その大衆の集会が、彼の理由付けを聞いて即座に彼の提案を採用しなかったときには、（その綱を）引き締めるために
People who defend this mode of treating benefactors,
恩人に対してこのような取り扱い方をすることを弁護する人々は、
cannot be supposed to set much value on the benefit;
便益に多くの価値を置くとは想定され得ない。
and I believe this view of the subject is mostly confined to the sort of persons
そして私は、この問題のこのような見解は、ほとんど、以下のような人々に限定されるであろうと信じる。
who think that new truths may have been desirable once, but that we have had enough of them now.
その人たちとは、新しい真実とはかつては必要であったが、今は十分に持っていると考えている人たちである。
恩人に対してこのような取り扱い方をすることを弁護する人々は、
cannot be supposed to set much value on the benefit;
便益に多くの価値を置くとは想定され得ない。
and I believe this view of the subject is mostly confined to the sort of persons
そして私は、この問題のこのような見解は、ほとんど、以下のような人々に限定されるであろうと信じる。
who think that new truths may have been desirable once, but that we have had enough of them now.
その人たちとは、新しい真実とはかつては必要であったが、今は十分に持っていると考えている人たちである。
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