Russia is closing the offices of 15 Western NGOs, including the two leading rights organisations, Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch.
The Russian Ministry of Justice said the decision was taken due to Russian laws being violated, without providing details.
Amnesty International's director, Agnes Callamard, said it was the latest in a long list of organisations being punished for speaking the truth to the Russian authorities.
She said Amnesty would redouble efforts to expose what she described as Russia's "egregious human rights violations at home and abroad".
“The authorities are deeply mistaken if they believe that by closing down our office in Moscow they will stop our work documenting and exposing human rights violations," she said.
Russia tightened its already restrictive media law after invading Ukraine by introducing a new law which threatens to jail anyone Russia deems to have spread "fake" news about the armed forces.