孫崎亨・広原盛明・色平哲郎達見コミュの【孫崎享のつぶやき】 ウズベキスタンで「中央アジアの相互協力」シンポジウム提出ペーパー。

現在、トランプ現象、英国のBREXIT、独右翼の台頭、世界でナショナリズムが台頭。中央アジアで相互依存協力の動きが出ればこれに対抗しうる力になる等主張。
2019-02-22 17:23

ウズベキスタンで「中央アジアの相互協力」シンポジウム提出ペーパー。現在、トランプ現象、英国のBREXIT、独右翼の台頭、世界でナショナリズムが台頭。中央アジアで相互依存協力の動きが出ればこれに対抗しうる力になる等主張。
東アジア共同体構想が急激に勢いを減じたが、背景に米国の圧力。中央アジアも超大国の動き警戒すべし等。

For the development of mutual interdependence in the Central Asia Ukeru Magosaki, Director of East Asian Community Institute,
Japan
Mr. Chairman, ladies and gentlemen
It is my great honor to present my view on the regional cooperation.
Probably, it is better to mention why our institute “East Asian Community Institute” advocates the regional cooperation in East Asia.
If you look at East Asia, there exist several potentials for military confrontations like the Korean Peninsula, the territorial disputes on Senkaku-islands between Japan and China, Takeshima-island between Japan and South Korea and the fishery dispute between South Korea and China. By intensifying the mutual cooperation, we aim to decrease the tensions and the possibilities of military confrontations, thus to increase stability and prosperity.
When we look at the international development after the Second World War, we could see several cases of the success to decrease the tensions and the possibilities of the military confrontations, such as the creation of European Coal and Steel Community and ASEAN. The above-mentioned two cases have contributed to decrease the possibilities of the military confrontations. Particularly, ASEAN gives the good example to expand the mutual cooperation in the Central Asia, because (1)before the creation of ASEAN, in that region, many military conflicts inside the countries and between countries,(2)they have different values, like Islam, Buddhism, Christianity,(3)many outside influences like USA, UK, France and Netherland,(4)after the creation of ASEAN, due to the cooperation, in this region, there came peace, stability and prosperity.
(for reference)
ASEAN and its Member States shall act in accordance with the following Principles:
(a) respect for the independence, sovereignty, equality,territorial integrity and national identity of all ASEANMember States;
(b) shared commitment and collective responsibility in enhancing regional peace, security and prosperity;
(c) renunciation of aggression and of the threat or useof force or other actions in any manner inconsistent with international law;
(d) reliance on peaceful settlement of disputes;
(e) non-interference in the internal affairs of ASEAN Member States;
(f) respect for the right of every Member State to lead its national existence free from external interference, subversion and coercion;
(g) enhanced consultations on matters seriously affecting the common interest of ASEAN;
(h) adherence to the rule of law, good governance, the principles of democracy and constitutional government;
(i) respect for fundamental freedoms, the promotion and protection of human rights, and the promotion of social justice;
(j) upholding the United Nations Charter and international law, including international humanitarian law, subscribed to by ASEAN Member States;
(k) abstention from participation in any policy or activity, including the use of its territory, pursued by any ASEAN Member State or non-ASEAN State or any non-State actor, which threatens the sovereignty, territorial integrity or political and economic stability of ASEAN Member States;
(l) respect for the different cultures, languages and religions of the peoples of ASEAN, while emphasising their common values in the spirit of unity in diversity;
(m) the centrality of ASEAN in external political, economic, social and cultural relations while
remaining actively engaged, outward-looking, inclusive and non-discriminatory; and (n) adherence to multilateral trade rules and ASEAN’s rules-based regimes for effective implementation of economic commitments and progressive reduction towards elimination of all barriers to regional economic integration, in a market-driven economy.
After the Second World War, we could see two major trends in the international affairs, one –seeking the sovereignty, usually relying on military powers and the another-developing regional cooperations, thus decreasing tensions.
I served in this region as the ambassador to Uzbekistan from 1993 to 96.
I saw many causes for possible military confrontations in this region:
the rivary relations between peoples and leaders,
the disputes over crucial resources like water
the different postures toward Russia
the influence of Afghanistan
the flow of Islam extreme activities
the flow of drugs
When you look at the recent international situation, you could see the rise of nationalism.
President Trump’s “Make America Great Again”,
UK’s decision on BREXIT
Germany’s rise of right groups.
These phenomenon create the global rise of nationalism.
With the development of globalism, together with the transfer of capitals and technology,
there occur the relative declines of the shares of the developed countries and the increase of the gap between the rich and the poor. These phenomenon invite nationalism.
Thus, now, any success of the regional cooperation has the global meaning for the fight against the rise of nationalism.
In the Central Asia, even in 1993 to 96 when the economic and social conditions were disastrous, there existed the attempts for mutual co-operations on several fields such as security and water.
　When we look at Uzbekistan, from the historical perspective, this is the area where mutual cooperation has deep roots and has been practiced for many centuries. Why so many races in Uzbekistan? They knew they could find the practice of cooperation and they could survive even their survival was difficult in other regions.
Having this background , now we could see the strong trend of cooperation among leaders and among people , which can be the example for the world.
When we look at East Asia, we are not successful in the regional cooperation. The reasons of failures might be helpful when you intend to develop the regional co-operations.
Watch superpowers. Sometimes, they see their benefits from the tensions of the given region, Peace is beneficial to people in the region, but not always same to the governments of superpowers. They often manipulate politicians, officials of the given region.
Watch your own political leaders. They explore the tensions in the region for their domestic political gains,
Watch people who are easily manipulated by leaders,
Watch issues, they are difficult to solve, demanding lots of efforts to solve, but easy to disagree and invite confrontations.