Chez Yutaコミュの１０月３１日のギリシャ語源探索。

mathematic

late 14c. as singular, replaced by early 17c. by mathematics, from L. mathematica (pl.), from Gk. mathematike tekhne "mathematical science," fem. sing. of mathematikos (adj.) "relating to mathematics, scientific," from mathema (gen. mathematos) "science, knowledge, mathematical knowledge," related to manthanein "to learn," from PIE base *mn-/*men-/*mon- "to think, have one's mind aroused" (cf. Gk. menthere "to care," Lith. mandras "wide-awake," O.C.S. madru "wise, sage," Goth. mundonsis "to look at," Ger. munter "awake, lively").

http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=mathematic



arithmetic
mid-13c., from O.Fr. arsmetique (12c.), from L. arithmetica, from Gk. arithmetike (tekhne) "(the) counting (art)," from arithmos "number," from PIE base *ri- "number" (cf. O.E., O.H.G. rim "number;" O.Ir. rim "number," dorimu "I count;" L. ritus "religious custom"). Originally in English arsmetrik, on folk etymology from L. ars metrica; spelling corrected early 16c. Replaced native tælcræft "tell-craft."

http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=arith&searchmode=none



organ
O.E. organe, and O.Fr. orgene (12c.), both meaning "musical instrument," both from L. organa, pl. of organum, from Gk. organon "implement, musical instrument, organ of the body," lit. "that with which one works," from PIE *werg-ano-, from base *werg- "to do," related to Gk. ergon "work" and O.E. weorc (see urge (v.)). Applied vaguely in late O.E. to musical instruments; sense narrowed by late 14c. to the modern musical instrument known by that name (involving pipes supplied with wind by a bellows and worked by means of keys), though Augustine (c.400) knew this as a specific sense of L. organa. The meaning "body part adapted to a certain function" is attested from late 14c. Organist is first recorded 1590s; organ-grinder is attested from 1806.

organic
510s, "serving as an organ or instrument," from L. organicus, from Gk. organikos "of or pertaining to an organ," from organon "instrument" (see organ). Sense of "from organized living beings" is first recorded 1778 (earlier this sense was in organical, mid-15c.). Meaning "free from pesticides and fertilizers" first attested 1942. Organic chemistry is attested from 1871.

http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=organ&searchmode=none




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god

O.E. god "supreme being, deity," from P.Gmc. *guthan (cf. Du. god, Ger. Gott, O.N. guð, Goth. guþ), from PIE *ghut- "that which is invoked" (cf. Skt. huta- "invoked," an epithet of Indra), from root *gheu(e)- "to call, invoke." But some trace it to PIE *ghu-to- "poured," from root *gheu- "to pour, pour a libation" (source of Gk. khein "to pour," khoane "funnel" and khymos "juice;" also in the phrase khute gaia "poured earth," referring to a burial mound). "Given the Greek facts, the Germanic form may have referred in the first instance to the spirit immanent in a burial mound" [Watkins]. Cf. also Zeus. Not related to good. Originally neut. in Gmc., the gender shifted to masc. after the coming of Christianity. O.E. god was probably closer in sense to L. numen. A better word to translate deus might have been P.Gmc. *ansuz, but this was only used of the highest deities in the Gmc. religion, and not of foreign gods, and it was never used of the Christian God. It survives in English mainly in the personal names beginning in Os-.

I want my lawyer, my tailor, my servants, even my wife to believe in God, because it means that I shall be cheated and robbed and cuckolded less often. ... If God did not exist, it would be necessary to invent him. [Voltaire]

God bless you after someone sneezes is credited to St. Gregory the Great, but the pagan Romans (Absit omen) and Greeks had similar customs.

http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=god&searchmode=none


good (adj.)
O.E. god (with a long "o") "having the right or desirable quality," from P.Gmc. *gothaz (cf. O.N. goðr, Du. goed, Ger. gut, Goth. goþs), originally "fit, adequate, belonging together," from PIE base *ghedh- "to unite, be associated, suitable" (cf. O.C.S. godu "pleasing time," Rus. godnyi "fit, suitable," O.E. gædrian "to gather, to take up together"). Irregular comparatives (better, best) reflect a widespread pattern, cf. L. bonus, melior, optimus. The good neighbours is Scot. euphemism for "the fairies" (1580s). Good-for-nothing is from 1711. Good looking is attested from 1780 (good looks by c.1800). Good sport is from 1917; good to go is attested from 1989.

http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=good&searchmode=none

brain
O.E. brægen "brain," from P.Gmc. *bragnam (cf. M.L.G. bregen, O.Fris., Du. brein), from PIE base *mregh-m(n)o- "skull, brain" (cf. Gk. brekhmos "front part of the skull, top of the head"). The custom of using the plural to refer to the substance (literal or figurative), as opposed to the organ, dates from 16c. Figurative sense of "intellectual power" is from late 14c.; meaning "a clever person" is first recorded 1914. The verb meaning "to dash the brains out" is from late 14c. Brain-dead is from 1976, popularized by the Karen Anne Quinlan case (brain death is from 1968); brain teaser is from 1923. Brain stem first recorded 1879, from German. Brain drain is attested from 1963. An O.E. word for "head" was brægnloca, which might be translated as "brain locker." In M.E., Brainsick (O.E. brægenseoc) meant "mad, addled."

http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=brain&searchmode=none




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「security」とは、「不安・心配が ないこと」。

secure
1530s, "without care," from L. securus "without care, safe," from *se cura, from se "free from" (see secret) + cura "care" (see cure). The verb is from 1590s. Meaning "firmly fixed" (of material things) is from 1841, on notion of "affording grounds for confidence." Related: Secured; securing; securely.

http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=secure


社会保険庁

1 社会保障とは?
「社会保障」とは英語「social security」の訳であり、この場合の「security」とは「不安・心配
がないこと」といった意味。
つまり、社会保障( social security )とは、「社会的な(または社会的な原因から生じる)
心配や不安のない状態を実現させるもの」と言い換えることができる。
<参考:社会保障論第3版 広井良典・山崎泰彦編著P2>

http://www.sia.go.jp/infom/text/shakaihosyou01.pdf