日蘭学生会議　教育格差チームコミュの○報告するトコ●

瀧本です

先ほど斎藤千尋ちゃんとスカイプをし、以下のことを確認しました。
・このプレゼンで扱っている「都市」とは、日本全国の都市ではなく、一部の話であるということ。
・普通プレゼンでは政策や制度に対する「メリット」「デメリット」があげられるが、このプレゼンでは「格差」という問題自体がデメリットであるととらえられるため、「この状況をどう解決するか」をquestionであげるさいには単純に「じゃあオランダのまねをすればよい」という風にならないようにしなければ！
・久保田彩が以前メーリスで教えてくれていた「News Zero」の内容（低所得のため塾に行けない。学校の勉強について行けない子のためにボランティアで無料の塾（生活保護受給の子どもがおおい）。中卒で仕事がなかなかない人が高卒認定試験を受けたいということで、その人たち向けの塾？支援施設？の話）

また、プレゼン日がもしかしたら26日になるかもしれない・・・
分担を決めて動かなければ間に合わない！！！

というか、今回どういった発表をするか、意見ください。
私としては、
?本番通りの流れでやる
?流れだけ説明する
??と、各スライドの簡単な説明

なんかが考えられるかなと。

千尋ちゃんへ
この前のタッキーのメールの「まとめ」の部分を簡単にで良いので英訳してもらえると非常に助かります！！
念のためここにも全く同じ文面を上げときますね

「親の経済力の差によって、次のステップ（小学校→中学校、中学校→高校、高校→大学）に進む際に、（塾という外部教育機関の存在もあり、）前の段階での格差を背負ったまま、次の段階へと進んでしまい、格差から逃れにくい。なぜならお金がなくても通える公立学校の教育が低下しているからである。」
「親の教育”意識”の格差により、”教育”というものに価値を置くか、置かないかという違いがでてくる。単なる金銭的な差だけでは、『努力して、奨学金をもらうという選択肢があるではないか』という批判がでてくるかもしれない。しかし公立学校の教育力低下により、教育というものに興味を抱かせるような環境がもはや家庭にしかない。すなわち、親の教育”意識”によって作られた環境の差が子どもに大きく影響してくる。子どもの中にはそもそも教育に対して『努力する』ものだという意識が持てない子もでてくる。」
「二つの格差は密接に絡んでいて、切り離すことのできない一連の流れになりつつある。もともと公教育とは、家庭の教育に対する差をなくすものであったのに、今や教育という制度が格差を固定化する装置になってしまっている。問題なのはこの格差が世代を超えて固定化しつつあることだ。」

長いからしんどかったら言って！


私は私たちの発表の大枠となるものを英訳しています。これは、完成したらスライドにしたいと思います。

とりあえずここに上げてくれたら嬉しいです

私もまだ時間かかるし、明後日までやったらゆっくりやってね
そしてしんどかったら言って下さい

パソコンの方に私達教育格差チームの発表の大枠を送りました！

ちひろちゃん、ごめん；；時間なくてまとめのところ上のまんま使わせていただきました。見たところ素晴らしいです！さすがちひろちゃんやねとても分かりやすく、簡潔です。本間ありがとう！！！助かった！

ではみなさん、学生主体でゼロからこういう会議を立ち上げられること、何かの原動力になれるかもしれないというこの感覚を楽しみながらプレゼンまとめていきましょう！オランダに送ったものの中に、「一応まとめてはみたが、conclusion は今後も変わるかも知れない、また、私達はまだ on the way」だってことを書いておきましたので、もっと深い議論も出来るといいですね！目にとまった新聞記事等があったら持ってきて下さい。せっかくまとまってきたものを覆してまた混沌とした状態にひきもどすものでも良いので

…いや歓迎はしないけど。笑

しかしたっきーも他のみんなも無理はせぬよう
私もしません。笑

ではまた明日（＾＾お疲れ様です。

> ほほぬさん

初めて
カーズーこと
清水和希

この文章はオランダに送っていいですか？

> カーズーさん
えもう既に私がみんなに送ったワードのやつに貼付けてありますよ

スクリプトです。パソコンにも送っときました！遅くなって本当にごめんなさい！！
文字数オーバーなので、分けてのせます。

Do you know education gaps?

Have you heard the word “education gaps”?
In these days, the problem of education gaps is becoming known to Japanese people by TV program and newspapers or books.
We're going to introduce what kind of educational problem is happening in Japan from a perspective of education gaps.

Contents
We’d like to divide this presentation into three parts.
First, we'll tell you the definition of education gaps and our purpose for this presentation.
Second, we'll move on to the main body. Referring to today's states on education and studies by some educationalists, we'll point out particular problems of modern Japan. There are two big gaps and we'll introduce them in details.
In the end, we’d like to make our comment against this situation as a conclusion.
After our presentation, we have a question prepared for the discussion.

Introduction
First of all, we would like to ask you if you question the word “education gaps”. Isn’t it ambiguous a little? That is why almost all the studies of education haven’t used the word “education gaps”. It holds wide meanings of the gaps in the field of education. For example, un inequality of opportunity for taking education, the achievement gaps, the income gaps of each family, the distinction between cities and rural areas and the difference of domestic cultural backgrounds. There has been no definition of “education gaps” but ordinary people started using the word and it’s becoming more popular these days.
In our presentation, we would like to concentrate on two big gaps. One is the gap caused by economic gaps. The other is the gap of parents’ recognition. So in a while, those two will be the meaning of the word “education gaps” when we use it.
Then, the purpose of this presentation is to show you what is happening in Japan, especially as education problems. We believe that this situation represents this modern world.
Let’s turn to the main body.

ここなんですが、First　があるのにSecondがなくてHoweverになってておかしいじゃんって思うかもしれないんですが、Firstは、「まず〜」みたいな感じで使い、Howeverのところでスライドを戻しますよね？なのであえてSecondといわなくても話が変わったことは分かるわけですから、今話した内容と対立するものが次に来ますよーといういみで接続詞However さえあれば良いかなぁとおもってそうしました。

　We are going to show you what is happening in Japan from the economical point of view. Unfortunately, good academic background is one of the most important points for us to succeed in job hunting. If we can enter high level universities have some effects on our life. However, in most cases, that is if we are able to go to cram schools and succeed in examinations depended on our family budget. Please look at this chart. We want to separate families in Japan into two groups. One is rich and the other is not so rich.
　First, in rich families, parents want to make their children enter private schools with very difficult examinations. This is because the level of public schools in this country has become lower and lower because of the “Yutori Policy”. So if students want to go to private schools they will have to go to cram schools. It costs parents nearly 800 thousand yen per year. But rich parents can pay. Therefore, most of the students can enter private school. You may think that this story ends at this point, however it continues. After they enter private school, parents have to pay 1 million yen per year for school fees. Moreover, they pay extra money for the cram schools to keep up with the high level classes and get knowledge to succeed in entrance examinations for universities. Of course, rich families have the ability to pay. Most of their children can enter high level universities, and then get good jobs and get a large income.
However, in poor families, parents can’t let their children enter private schools, so there is no need to go to cram schools. It means that they don’t have to pay much. Their children go to public schools. It cost little money, but the level of the school is very low as we said. They will fail to enter good high schools, so they won’t be able to acquire a lot of academic skills. Of course they can’t go to cram schools. Therefore, they will enter low level universities, or, some won’t even go to any university and will have to start working. They will fail to get good jobs, and then become poor.
These series of systems will continue for generation after generation because money is needed to let our children get good education in Japan. Therefore, educational gaps finally are fixed.

＊Escape from the gaps
Difference in parents’ income between each family makes it difficult for children to escape from educational gap. Let’s look at this graph. The graph shows how much income the parents of the students of Tokyo University (the greatest university in Japan). Most of the parents get over 7.5million yen every year. In Japan average annual is 4.6 million yen. It means that the income of families with students of Tokyo University is more than 3 million yen larger than that of other families. Therefore, in order to go to private schools and cram schools, and get into good universities like Tokyo University or Osaka University, you have to be in a rich family. We think that the difference in parents’ income is a big factor to prevent children from escaping from educational gap.


The next point is recognition of importance of education.
As we mentioned, the education gaps are derived from the amount of parents’ income.
However, that is not the only reason of education gaps. The difference in domestic environment made by parents’ recognition of education has a big effect on their children.

Let’s look at the profile on the left. It shows the difference of mothers’ expectations toward academic backgrounds of their children. We guess that parents’ economic gaps should influence their interest of education. For example, it appears the amount of books in their house and lessons for children like piano, swimming or soccer and so on. Of course the choice whether they let their children go to cram schools includes parents’ backgrounds of education. Then, children’s recognition is influenced by their cultural backgrounds. Please look at the graph on the right. This illustrates that the mother’s educational backgrounds influence student’s interest toward study. As you can see from it, the difference in domestic environment causes children to realize or not to realize that they have to try and work hard to lean something before they actually try. We can’t always deny students whose achievement is low even if they don’t study.

Conclusion
These two gaps are nearly connected and has become a train that can’t be separated. Originally, universal education was started to equalize the opportunity for each family to receive education, but now, this education as a system has been a device for fixing the gap. The problem is that this gap has taken root across the generations. That’s why we think this situation as a serious problem.

Thank you for listening for a long time. And we welcome your questions.