Severe Poverty is a Human Rights Violation when it is the foreseeable effect of active conduct by human agents which these agents could avoid without undue hardship. By this criterion, the rich countries are violating the human rights of the global poor if and insofar as they do things that foreseeably aggravate extreme poverty. One thing they do together is design and impose a global institutional order that is foreseeably much less avoiding of extreme poverty than it might be. In view of the harms this order inflicts on the global poor, its imposition may constitute the largest human rights violation in human history.