mixi¥æ¡¼¥¶¡¼(id:4345332)

2023ǯ01·î31Æü23:16

65 view

Geert Vanden Bossche¡Ê¥®¥¢¡¼¥È¡¦¥Ð¥ó¥Ç¥ó¡¦¥Ü¥Ã¥·¥§¡ËÇî»Î¤«¤é¤ÎºÇ¸å¤ÎÅê¹Æ­¥

¥ï¥¯¥Á¥óÀܼïΨ¤¬¹â¤¤¹ñ¤Ç¡¢´¶À÷À­¤Î¹â¤¤ÊÑ°ÛÂΤ«¤é¿Í¡¹¤¬¼«Ê¬¼«¿È¤ò¼é¤ëÊýË¡¤Ë´Ø¤¹¤ë¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«¤Î°ìÈÌŪ¤Ê¿ä¾©»ö¹à¤òÍ×Ìó¤·¤¿¤¤¤È»×¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡Ê¤Ä¤Þ¤ê¡¢´°Á´¤Ê³ÖÎ¥¤¬¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤È²¾Äꤷ¤Þ¤¹¡Ë


¥ï¥¯¥Á¥óÀܼï¤ò¼õ¤±¤¿¾ì¹ç¡¢¥ï¥¯¥Á¥ó¤«¤é¤ÎËɸ椬¼å¤Þ¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤³¤È¤òǧ¼±¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬½ÅÍפǤ¹¡£¥ï¥¯¥Á¥ó¤ÎAbÎϲÁ¤¬Äã²¼¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¯¡Ê¥ê¥³¡¼¥ë²Äǽ¤ÊB¥á¥â¥ê¡¼ºÙ˦¤¬¤Þ¤À¤¢¤ë¤¿¤á¡Ë¡¢¸½ºß¼ç¤Ë½Û´Ä¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥¦¥¤¥ë¥¹·ÏÅý¤¬¸¶°ø¤Ç¤¹¡£´¶À÷À­¤Î¹â¤¤ÊÑ°ÛÂΡÊÎ㡧¥Ç¥ë¥¿ÊÑ°ÛÂΡˤǹ½À®¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤ª¤ê¡¢¤½¤ÎS¥¿¥ó¥Ñ¥¯¼Á¤Ï¡¢¸µ¤ÎÉð´Á³ô¤ËÂФ¹¤ë¥ï¥¯¥Á¥óÀܼﹳÂΤˤè¤Ã¤Æ¤â¤Ï¤ä½½Ê¬¤Ëǧ¼±¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£¤½¤Î·ë²Ì¡¢¥ï¥¯¥Á¥ó¤Ï¡¢½ÅÅÙ¤Îɵ¤¤«¤é½½Ê¬¤ËÊݸ¤ë¤È¤¤¤¦ÅÀ¤Ç¡¢ÅöÌ̤ϵ¡Ç½¤·Â³¤±¤Þ¤¹¤¬¡¢½½Ê¬¤Ëµ¡Ç½¤·¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£


´¶À÷¤ò¸º¾¯¤µ¤»¤¿¤ê¡¢·ÚÅÙ¤«¤éÃæÅùÅÙ¤Îɵ¤¤«¤é¥ï¥¯¥Á¥óÀܼï¼Ô¤òÂçÉý¤ËÊݸ¤¿¤ê¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£ÂçÎ̤˥說¥Á¥óÀܼ蘆¤ì¤¿½¸ÃĤˤè¤Ã¤ÆµÚ¤Ü¤µ¤ì¤ë¶¯²½¤µ¤ì¤¿S»Ø¸þÌȱÖÁªÂò°µ¤Ë±þÅú¤·¤Æ½Û´ÄÊÑ°ÛÂΤοʹÔÃæ¤Î¿Ê²½ÅªÊѲ½¤Î¤¿¤á¤Ë¡¢¥ï¥¯¥Á¥óÀܼïAbs¤ÎÊݸîǽÎϤÎÄã²¼¤Ï¤Þ¤¹¤Þ¤¹¸²Ãø¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¡£¤·¤¿¤¬¤Ã¤Æ¡¢¥ï¥¯¥Á¥óÀܼï¼Ô¤¬Covid-19¼À´µ¤Ë´ØÏ¢¤¹¤ë²ÄǽÀ­¤Î¤¢¤ë½é´ü¤ÎÃû¸õ¤ä¾É¾õ¤ò·Ð¸³¤·¤¿¤é¤¹¤°¤Ë¡¢Áá´ü¼£ÎŤò»ÈÍѤ¹¤ë½àÈ÷¤òÀ°¤¨¤Æ¤ª¤¯É¬Íפ¬¤¢¤ë¤Î¤ÏÅöÁ³¤Î¤³¤È¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ç¤¹¡£


¤³¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤·¤Æ¡¢¤½¤ì¤é¤Ï¡¢´¶À÷¤·¤¿Sars-CoV-2ÊÑ°ÛÂΤËÂФ·¤Æ¤À¤±¤Ç¤Ê¤¯¡¢¤ª¤½¤é¤¯¡¢´¶À÷¤·¤¿Éµ¤¤«¤é¤ÎÊݸî¤Î²ÄǽÀ­¤ò·àŪ¤Ë¹â¤á¡¢Æþ±¡¤ò²óÈò¤·¡¢ÌȱַϤ¬ËɸæÌȱ֤ò¹½ÃۤǤ­¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£Â¾¤Î¤è¤ê´¶À÷À­¤Î¹â¤¤½Û´ÄÊÑ°ÛÂΤˤâƱÍͤˡ£½é´ü¤Î¿ºÞÎÅË¡¤Ï¡¢¸½ºß¡¢½ÅÆƤʼÀ´µ¤ª¤è¤ÓÆþ±¡¤ÎͽËɤËÈó¾ï¤ËÀ®¸ù¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Èʸ¸¥¤Ë¹­¤¯µ­ºÜ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡ÊMcCullough P¡¢et al¡£¡¢2020¡Ë¡£


¤â¤Á¤í¤ó¡¢±¿Æ°¡¢½½Ê¬¤ÊµÙ©¡¢·ò¹¯Åª¤Ê±ÉÍܤȥ饤¥Õ¥¹¥¿¥¤¥ë¡¢¤ª¤è¤Ó±ÉÍÜÊä½õ¿©ÉÊ¡Ê°¡±ô¡¢¥Ó¥¿¥ß¥óB¤ª¤è¤ÓD¤Ê¤É¡Ë¤Ï¡¢¥ï¥¯¥Á¥ó¤Î¹³S¹³ÂΤˤè¤ëÀèÅ·À­¹³ÂΤÎÍÞÀ©¤ËÂй³¤¹¤ë¤Î¤ËÌòΩ¤Á¡¢¤½¤ì¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ½ÅÅÙ¤ÎCovid-19¼À´µ¤Îȯ¾É¥ê¥¹¥¯¤ò·Ú¸º¤¹¤ë²ÄǽÀ­¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡ÊAf Geijerstam A et al¡£¡¢2021; Sallis R et al¡£¡¢2021; Samad N et al¡£¡¢2021; Shakoor H et al¡£¡¢2021; Teshome A etal¡£2021


¤â¤Á¤í¤ó¡¢Áá´ü¼£ÎŤϡ¢Covid-19ɤνé´ü¾É¾õ¤òȯ¾É¤¹¤ë¥ï¥¯¥Á¥ó̤Àܼï¼Ô¤Ë¤âŬ±þ¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£¤¿¤À¤·¡¢°Ê²¼¤Î¥»¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤ÇÀâÌÀ¤¹¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¡¢Èà¤é¤Ë¤È¤Ã¤Æ¤Î¼ç¤Ê²ÝÂê¤Ï¡¢¥ï¥¯¥Á¥óÀܼï¼Ô¤Î¾õ¶·¤È¤ÏÂоÈŪ¤Ë¡¢¥¹¥Ñ¥¤¥¯¥¿¥ó¥Ñ¥¯¼Á¤Ø¤Î¤è¤ê¹â¤¤¿ÆÏÂÀ­¤Ç¿¤¯¤È·ë¹ç¤¹¤ëĹ¼÷Ì¿¤ÎSÆðÛŪ¹³ÂΤˤè¤Ã¤ÆÍÞÀ©¤µ¤ì¤Ê¤¤¼«Á³Ìȱ֤ε¡Ç½ÅªÇ½ÎϤò°Ý»ý¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç¤¹¡£


¥¦¥¤¥ë¥¹¤¬¹³SAb¤Ë¤è¤ëÃæϤ«¤éƨ¤ì¤ë¤È¡¢¹â¤¤´¶À÷°µ¤ò²óÈò¤¹¤ë¤À¤±¤Ç¤Ï¡¢¥ï¥¯¥Á¥óÀܼï¼Ô¤¬Éµ¤¤Ë¤«¤«¤ë¤Î¤òËɤ°¤Î¤Ë½½Ê¬¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤²ÄǽÀ­¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£


¤·¤¿¤¬¤Ã¤Æ¡¢¤½¤ì¤é¤ÎÍ¥Àè½ç°Ì¤Ï¡¢¥¦¥¤¥ë¥¹ÂÑÀ­¤òÂ¥¿Ê¤¹¤ë¤À¤±¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤¿¤á¡¢½ª¤ï¤ê¤Î¤Ê¤¤¥Ö¡¼¥¹¥¿¡¼¥·¥ç¥Ã¥È¤ò¼õ¤±¼è¤ë¤³¤È¤òÌÜŪ¤È¤¹¤Ù¤­¤Ç¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¡Ê12¡Ë¡¢¤·¤«¤·¡¢Áá´ü³°Íè¼£ÎŤؤΥ¢¥¯¥»¥¹¤òÆÀ¤ë¤¿¤á¤Î¶ñÂÎŪ¤Ê¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¼«Ê¬¼«¿È¤ò¶µ°é¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£


ͽËÉÀܼï¤ò¼õ¤±¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ï¡¢¹â¤¤´¶À÷°µ¤Ë¤µ¤é¤µ¤ì¤Ê¤¤¤è¤¦¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬½ÅÍפǤ¹¡£¤Ä¤Þ¤ê¡¢Æä˲°Æâ¤Î½¸²ñ¤Ë½ÐÀʤ¹¤ë¤È¤­¡¢Æä˴¹µ¤¤Î°­¤¤¾ì½ê¤Ç¤Ï¡¢¸·³Ê¤ÊÊݸîÂкö¤ò¹Ö¤¸¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£


¥ï¥¯¥Á¥ó̤Àܼï¤Î¿Í¤Ë¤È¤Ã¤Æ¡¢Ã»Ì¿¤Î¹³¥¹¥Ñ¥¤¥¯¹³ÂΤÎÎϲÁ¤¬·ìÃæ¤Ç¬Äê²Äǽ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¸Â¤ê¡¢¥¦¥¤¥ë¥¹¤ÎºÆÇøϪ¤ÏÈó¾ï¤ËÌäÂê¤Ë¤Ê¤ë²ÄǽÀ­¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡Ê¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¹³ÂΤϰÊÁ°¤Î̵¾É¸õÀ­´¶À÷¸åºÇÂç8½µ´Ö»ý³¤·¤Þ¤¹¡Ë¡£¤³¤ì¤é¤Îû̿¤ÎÊ¢¶Ú¤Î¼÷Ì¿¤Î´Ö¡¢ÀèÅ·À­¤ÎÊÑ°ÛÂÎÈóÆðÛŪ¹³ÂΤÏÍÞÀ©¤µ¤ì¡¢¤½¤ì¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¥ï¥¯¥Á¥ó̤Àܼï¤Î¸Ä¿Í¤òCovid-19ɤˤ«¤«¤ê¤ä¤¹¤¯¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£


¤·¤¿¤¬¤Ã¤Æ¡¢¥ï¥¯¥Á¥ó̤Àܼï¤Î¸Ä¿Í¤¬Éµ¤¤Ø¤Î´¶¼õÀ­¤òɾ²Á¤¹¤ë¤Ê¤É¡¢¹³S¹³ÂΤò¬Äê¤Ç¤­¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¡¢¿®ÍêÀ­¤Î¹â¤¤»Ø»É¤·¥»¥ë¥Õ¥Æ¥¹¥È¤¬»ÔÈΤµ¤ì¤¿¾ì¹ç¡¢Èó¾ï¤ËÌòΩ¤Á¤Þ¤¹¡£ÍÛÀ­¤Î¹³SAbÎϲÁ¤Ï¡¢ÀÜ¿¨¼Ô¤Ë¹â¥ì¥Ù¥ë¤ÎÃí°Õ¤òʧ¤¦¤³¤È¤òÍ׵ᤷ¤Þ¤¹¤¬¡¢±¢À­¤Î¸¡ºº·ë²Ì¤ÈŬÀڤʷò¹¯¾õÂ֤ϡ¢Èà¤é¤ÎÀ¸Íè¤ÎAb¤¬´°Á´¤Ëµ¡Ç½¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤³¤È¤ò¼¨¤·¤Þ¤¹¡ÊVanden Bossche¡¢2021ǯ6·î; Vanden Bossche¡¢8·î¡Ë 2021¡Ë¡£



·ëÏÀ

½¸ÃÄͽËÉÀܼï¤Î¸ØÂçÀëÅÁ¤Ï¡¢´Ö°ã¤¤¤Ê¤¯°å³Ø¤ÎÎò»Ë¤ÎÃæ¤ÇºÇ¤â̵ËŤʼ¸³¤È¤·¤ÆÎò»Ë¤ËÆþ¤ë¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¡£¤½¤ì¤Ï¡¢¹³¶ÝºÞ¤¬¹³À¸Êª¼Á¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤«¡¢¼õÆ°Ìȱ֤ˤè¤Ã¤ÆÅêÍ¿¤µ¤ì¤ë¤«Ç½Æ°Ìȱ֤ˤè¤Ã¤ÆͶȯ¤µ¤ì¤ë¹³ÂΤǤ¢¤ë¤«¤Ë´Ø·¸¤Ê¤¯¡¢¿Í¹©¹³¶ÝºÞ¤ÎÍðÍѤޤ¿¤Ï¸íÍѤ¬¹³¶ÝºÞÂÑÀ­¤Ë¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ä¤Ê¤¬¤ë¤«¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤ÎÌÀÇò¤Ê¾Úµò¤È¤·¤Æ°úÍѤµ¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£

¥¦¥¤¥ë¥¹¤Î¥Ñ¥ó¥Ç¥ß¥Ã¥¯¤Î¿¿¤ÃÂþÃæ¤Ë¹Ô¤ï¤ì¤ë½¸ÃÄͽËÉÀܼ省¥ã¥ó¥Ú¡¼¥ó¤Ï¡¢º£¸å²¿À¤Âå¤Ë¤â¤ï¤¿¤Ã¤Æ¡¢¼«Á³³¦¤Ë¤ª¤±¤ë¿Í´Ö¤Î²ðÆþ¤Î¶­³¦¡¢Æä˽¾Íè¤Î¥ï¥¯¥Á¥ó³Ø¤Î¶­³¦¤ÎºÇ¤âÎäÀŤÊÎã¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¡£


¤³¤ÎÉÔ¹çÍý¤Ê¼Â¸³¤Ï¡¢½¾Íè¤Î¥ï¥¯¥Á¥ó¥¢¥×¥í¡¼¥Á¤ÎÌÀ³Î¤Ê¸Â³¦¤òÌÀ³Î¤ËÉ⤭Ħ¤ê¤Ë¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£¼«Á³¤ÎµÞÀ­¼«¸ÊÀ©¸Â´¶À÷¤äɵ¤¤È¤Ï°Û¤Ê¤ê¡¢¡Ö¸½Âå¤Î¡×µ»½Ñ¤À¤±¤Ç¤Ï¡¢¥¦¥¤¥ë¥¹´¶À÷¤äÌȱֲóÈò¤òËɤ°¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¥ï¥¯¥Á¥ó¤ò³«È¯¤¹¤ë¤Î¤Ë½½Ê¬¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤³¤È¤òÀâÆÀÎϤò»ý¤Ã¤ÆÀâÌÀ¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£¤µ¤é¤Ë¸À¤¨¤Ð¡¢¡Ö¸½Âå¤Î¡×¥ï¥¯¥Á¥ó¤Ç¤µ¤¨¡¢¹âÅÙ¤ËÊÑ°ÛÀ­¤Î¥¦¥¤¥ë¥¹¤Î¥Ñ¥ó¥Ç¥ß¥Ã¥¯¤ÎÇ®¤ÇÂçÎ̤ËÅêÍ¿¤µ¤ì¤¿¾ì¹ç¡¢½¾Íè¤ÎB¤Þ¤¿¤ÏTºÙ˦»Ø¸þÀ­¹³¸¶¤¬½¸ÃÄÌȱ֤òÀ¸À®¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤ò²Äǽ¤Ë¤·¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£


¸½ºß¤Î½¸ÃÄͽËÉÀܼ省¥ã¥ó¥Ú¡¼¥ó¤¬¤â¤¿¤é¤¹Èá»´¤Ê·ë²Ì¤Î¤¿¤á¤Ë¡¢¡Ö¥ï¥¯¥Á¥ó¡×¤È¤¤¤¦¸ÀÍÕ¤¬°å΍Ǹ³¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤ÏÁÛÁü¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£¡Ö¸½Âå¤Î¡×¥ï¥¯¥Á¥ó¤Ç¤µ¤¨¡¢¹âÅÙ¤ËÊÑ°ÛÀ­¤Î¥¦¥¤¥ë¥¹¤Î¥Ñ¥ó¥Ç¥ß¥Ã¥¯¤ÎÇ®¤ÇÂçÎ̤ËÅêÍ¿¤µ¤ì¤¿¾ì¹ç¡¢½¾Íè¤ÎB¤Þ¤¿¤ÏTºÙ˦»Ø¸þÀ­¹³¸¶¤¬½¸ÃÄÌȱ֤òÀ¸À®¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤ò²Äǽ¤Ë¤·¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£¸½ºß¤Î½¸ÃÄͽËÉÀܼ省¥ã¥ó¥Ú¡¼¥ó¤¬¤â¤¿¤é¤¹Èá»´¤Ê·ë²Ì¤Î¤¿¤á¤Ë¡¢¡Ö¥ï¥¯¥Á¥ó¡×¤È¤¤¤¦¸ÀÍÕ¤¬°å΍Ǹ³¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤ÏÁÛÁü¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£


¡Ö¸½Âå¤Î¡×¥ï¥¯¥Á¥ó¤Ç¤µ¤¨¡¢¹âÅÙ¤ËÊÑ°ÛÀ­¤Î¥¦¥¤¥ë¥¹¤Î¥Ñ¥ó¥Ç¥ß¥Ã¥¯¤ÎÇ®¤ÇÂçÎ̤ËÅêÍ¿¤µ¤ì¤¿¾ì¹ç¡¢½¾Íè¤ÎB¤Þ¤¿¤ÏTºÙ˦»Ø¸þÀ­¹³¸¶¤¬½¸ÃÄÌȱ֤òÀ¸À®¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤ò²Äǽ¤Ë¤·¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£¸½ºß¤Î½¸ÃÄͽËÉÀܼ省¥ã¥ó¥Ú¡¼¥ó¤¬¤â¤¿¤é¤¹Èá»´¤Ê·ë²Ì¤Î¤¿¤á¤Ë¡¢¡Ö¥ï¥¯¥Á¥ó¡×¤È¤¤¤¦¸ÀÍÕ¤¬°å΍Ǹ³¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤ÏÁÛÁü¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£vade-mecum¡£½¾Íè¤ÎBºÙ˦¤Þ¤¿¤ÏTºÙ˦Ãæ¿´¤ÎÌȱֱþÅú¤òͶȯ¤¹¤ë¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥ï¥¯¥Á¥ó¤Î·çÅÀ¤ò¶¯Ä´¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¡¢¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¥ï¥¯¥Á¥ó¤Î¿·¤·¤¤ÍѸì¤òºîÀ®¤·¡¢¡Ö¾ò·ïÉÕ¤­ÌȱÖÊݸîͶƳÀ½ºÞ¡×¡ÊCIPIF¡Ë¤È¸Æ¤Ö¤³¤È¤òÄó°Æ¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£


¡Ö¥ï¥¯¥Á¥ó¡×¤È¤¤¤¦¸ÀÍդ϶ػߤµ¤ì¤ë¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó¤¬¡¢¡Ö¥Õ¥¡¥¯¥È¥Á¥§¥Ã¥«¡¼¡×¤È¤¤¤¦¸ÀÍդϡ¢ÐþËý¤µ¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¿¿¼Â¤òÏä·¡¢±ø¤¤¤ª¶â¤È°ú¤­´¹¤¨¤ËÀëÅÁ¤¹¤ë¿Í¤òÈóÆñ¤¹¤ë²Ê³ØŪ¤ËʸÌդοͤ˻ÈÍѤµ¤ì¤ë°ìÈÌŪ¤ÊÍѸì¤È¤·¤Æ¤Î¤ß¸£°úÎϤò³ÍÆÀ¤·¤Þ¤¹Èà¤é¤¬ÌÕÌÜŪ¤Ë»Ù»ý¤¹¤ëÍø³²´Ø·¸¼Ô¤ÎÍø±×¤Ëñ¤Ë¿¨È¯¤µ¤ì¤¿Êª¸ì¤È½¸ÃĻ׹ͤιͤ¨Êý¡£


ºÇ¸å¤Ë¡¢½¸ÃÄͽËÉÀܼï¤ÎÍ­±×¤Ê¸ú²Ì¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Î¸ø¼°¤ÎÀâÌÀ¤¬Àµ¤·¤¤¤È¤Þ¤À³Î¿®¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¿Í¤Ë¡¢¤µ¤é¤Ê¤ë¹Í¤¨¤ÎÎȤȤ·¤Æ¼¡¤Î5¤Ä¤Î½ÅÍפʼÁÌä¤ò²ò·è¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤òÄó°Æ¤·¤¿¤¤¤È»×¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£

¤Ê¤¼¥Ñ¥ó¥Ç¥ß¥Ã¥¯¤Ï¡¢°ÊÁ°¤ÎÇȤδ֤Ëɵ¤¤«¤éÊݸ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤Î¤Ë¡¢¼ã¤¤Ç¯ÎðÁؤÇÆÍÁ³Éµ¤¤ò°ú¤­µ¯¤³¤¹¤Î¤Ç¤¹¤«¡©
¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¹³ÂΤ¬¥Ô¡¼¥¯¤Ë㤹¤ë¤Þ¤Ç¤Ë¥¦¥¤¥ë¥¹¤¬¤¹¤Ç¤ËÇÓ½ü¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤Ë¡¢Ìµ¾É¸õÀ­¤Ë´¶À÷¤·¤¿¿Í¡¹¤¬¹³SÊ¢¶Ú¤ò¥Þ¥¦¥ó¥È¤¹¤ë¤Î¤Ï¤Ê¤¼¤Ç¤¹¤«¡©
¤Ê¤¼±Ñ¹ñ¤Ï¡¢Éõº¿µ¬Â§¤Î½ªÎ»¸å¤Î2½µ´Ö¡Ê¤Ä¤Þ¤ê¡¢7·î20Æü¤«¤é8·î3Æü¤Þ¤Ç¡Ë¤Ë¾ÉÎ㤬ÂçÉý¤Ë¸º¾¯¤·¤¿¤Î¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¤«¡£
ʬ»Ò±Ö³Ø¼Ô¤Ï¡¢½¸ÃĤˤè¤Ã¤ÆµÚ¤Ü¤µ¤ì¤ëÁªÂòŪ¤ÊS»Ø¸þÀ­Ìȱְµ¤ÎÁýÂç¤ÎÀâÆÀÎϤΤ¢¤ë¾Úµò¤òÄ󶡤·¤Æ¤­¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£ËܳÊŪ¤Ê¼«Á³Ìȱ֤ޤ¿¤Ï¼«Á³³ÍÆÀÌȱ֤¬¡¢¤è¤ê´¶À÷À­¤Î¹â¤¤ÊÑ°ÛÂΤμ«Á³ÅñÂÁ¤Þ¤¿¤ÏÍ¥Àª¤òÂ¥¿Ê¤·¤Ê¤¤¤³¤È¤ò¹Í¤¨¤ë¤È¡¢¤³¤ì¤Ï¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤ËÀâÌÀ¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¤«¡Ê1918ǯ¤Î¥¤¥ó¥Õ¥ë¥¨¥ó¥¶¤Îή¹Ô¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¤â¼¨¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡ª¡Ë¡©
½¸Ãĥ說¥Á¥óÀܼï¤Ï¡¢´¶À÷À­¤Î¹â¤¤Sars-CoV-2ÊÑ°ÛÂΤÎÅÁÀ÷À­¤ÎÀ©¸æ¤Ë¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¹×¸¥¤Ç¤­¤ë¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¤«¡£
¤³¤Î¤è¤¦¤ÊÌäÂ꤬¡¢¤³¤Î¥Ñ¥ó¥Ç¥ß¥Ã¥¯¤ò¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë´ÉÍý¤¹¤ë¤«¤ò·èÄꤹ¤ë¿Í¡¹¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ²ò·è¤µ¤ì¤Ê¤¤¤Þ¤Þ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¸Â¤ê¡¢¿Í¡¹¤¬Èó¾ï¤Ë²ûµ¿Åª¤Ç¤¢¤ëÍýͳ¤Ï¤¿¤¯¤µ¤ó¤¢¤ë¤Ï¤º¤Ç¤¹¡£¾åµ­¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê´ðËÜŪ¤Ê¼ÁÌä¤ËÅú¤¨¤é¤ì¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¡¢»ä¤¿¤Á¤Î¥ê¡¼¥À¡¼¤ä¥¢¥É¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤ÎÀìÌç²È¤¬¥Ñ¥ó¥Ç¥ß¥Ã¥¯¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤ÆÍý²ò¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë´ðËÜŪ¤Ê¤â¤Î¤¬¤¢¤ë¤È·ëÏÀÉÕ¤±¤ë¤³¤È¤Ï¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£


¥Ñ¥ó¥Ç¥ß¥Ã¥¯¤ÈƱ¤¸¤¯¤é¤¤À¤³¦¤Î·ò¹¯¤Ë±Æ¶Á¤òÍ¿¤¨¤ëÌäÂê¤ËÂн褹¤ë¤È¤­¡¢¿Í¤ÏÀФò¤½¤Î¤Þ¤Þ¤Ë¤·¤Æ¤ª¤¯Í¾Íµ¤Ï¤Ê¤¯¡¢³Î¤«¤Ë´ðËÜŪ¤Ê¼ÁÌä¤ËÅú¤¨¤Ê¤¤¤Þ¤Þ¤Ë¤·¤Ê¤¤¤Ç¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£Æ¶»¡ÎϤηçÇ¡¤Î¤¿¤á¤Ë¡¢¹ñºÝ¤ª¤è¤Ó¸ø½°±ÒÀ¸Åö¶É¤Ï¡¢¤è¤ê´¶À÷À­¤Î¹â¤¤°¡¼ï¤ÎÀ®¸ù¤Î·çÇ¡¤òÈóÆñ¤·Â³¤±¡¢¿·¤·¤¤¿·¤¿¤Ê°¡¼ï¤òÄɤ¤¤«¤±¤ë¤¿¤á¤Î½ª¤ï¤ê¤Î¤Ê¤¤Àïά¤È¤·¤Æ¥Ö¡¼¥¹¥¿¡¼¤òÄó°Æ¤·¤Þ¤¹¡Ê²Ý¤·¤Þ¤¹¤«¡©¡Ë¡£¤³¤ì¤Ï¿Í¡¹¤Ë¾â¤òÌĤ餷¡¢½¸ÃÄͽËÉÀܼï¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤¬Â礭¤Ê¼Â¸³¤Ë¾¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¤³¤È¤òÈà¤é¤ËÍý²ò¤µ¤»¤ë¤Ï¤º¤Ç¤¹¡£¹ṉ̃¤Ï¤É¤ì¤À¤±Ä¹¤¯´í¸±¤Êʪ¸ì¤ò¿®¤¸¤ë¤À¤í¤¦¤«¡©¤³¤Î¼Â¸³¤Î·ë²Ì¤¬½ã¿è¤Ë·Ð¸³¤Ë´ð¤Å¤¤¤Æɾ²Á¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤ª¤ê¡¢´°Á´¤Ëͽ¬ÉÔ²Äǽ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¡¢¤Þ¤¹¤Þ¤¹Â¿¤¯¤Î¿Í¡¹¤¬µ¤¤Å¤­»Ï¤á¤ë¤³¤È¤ò´üÂÔ¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤·¤«¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£¾¯¤Ê¤¯¤È¤â¡¢½ª¤ï¤ê¤Î¤Ê¤¤¥Ö¡¼¥¹¥¿¡¼¥·¥ç¥Ã¥È¤Ë¥ï¥¯¥Á¥ó¤ÎµÁ̳¤ò²Ý¤¹Ç½ÎϤȸ¢¸Â¤òĶ¤¨¤Æ¡¢¤½¤ì¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¿Í¸¢¤òƧ¤ß¤Ë¤¸¤ë°ìÊý¤Ç¡¢¿¿¼Â¤Ø¤Î¾ðÇ®¤«¤é¹çÍýŪ¤ÊµÄÏÀ¤ÇÈ¿·â¤¹¤ëÆÈΩ¤·¤¿²Ê³Ø¼Ô¤ò¶þ¿«¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¿Í¡¹¤Î¿´¤ÎÃæ¤Ç¡£¸½¼Â¤òÇÄ°®¤Ç¤­¤Ê¤¯¤Ê¤Ã¤¿¿´¤À¤±¤¬¡¢¤³¤ì¤¬¤É¤ì¤Û¤É°¥¤ì¤Ê¤â¤Î¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤¿¤«¤òÃΤ뤳¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤»¤ó¡Ä..



¥Î¡¼¥È

1¡Ë°ìÉô¤ÎSARS-CoV-2ÊÑ°ÛÂΤÏÃæϹ³ÂΤ«¤éƨ¤ì¤ë¤¿¤á¡¢¥ï¥¯¥Á¥ó¹³ÂΤˤè¤ëÌȱÖǧ¼±¤ÏADE¤ò°ú¤­µ¯¤³¤¹¥ê¥¹¥¯¤¬¤¢¤ë²ÄǽÀ­¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹


2¡Ë¥¤¥ó¥É¤Ç¤Ï¡¢¥¦¥¤¥ë¥¹´¶À÷¤Î¸º¾¯¤ËÂФ¹¤ëÀèÅ·À­¤ª¤è¤Ó¼«Á³ÌȱÖÀ­¤Î¹³ÂΤαƶÁ¤Ï¡¢¥¤¥Ù¥ë¥á¥¯¥Á¥ó¤Î¹­ÈϤʻÈÍѤˤè¤Ã¤Æº®Í𤷤Ƥ¤¤ë²ÄǽÀ­¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£


3¡Ë¤·¤«¤·¡¢¥ï¥¯¥Á¥óÀܼï¤ò¼õ¤±¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¿Í¤ÈÈæ³Ó¤·¤Æ¡¢¥ï¥¯¥Á¥óÀܼï¤ò¼õ¤±¤¿¿Í¤Ë¤è¤ë¿·¤·¤¤¡¢¤è¤ê´¶À÷À­¤Î¹â¤¤ÊÑ°ÛÂΤÎÇӽФȴ¶À÷¤Ï¡¢¸ø¼°¤Ë¤Ï̵´Ø·¸¤Ç¤¢¤ê¡¢»ñ¸»¤ÎϲÈñ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤È¸ø¼°¤Ë¸«¤Ê¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤¿¤á¡¢¸ø½°±ÒÀ¸Åö¶É¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¬Äꤵ¤ì¤Ê¤¯¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£


4¡ËľÀÜ¡§½¸Ãĥ說¥Á¥óÀܼï¤Ï¥¦¥¤¥ë¥¹´¶À÷À­¤ËÂФ¹¤ëÌȱְµ¤ò¹â¤á¡¢¤½¤ì¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¥ï¥¯¥Á¥óÂÑÀ­ÊÑ°ÛÂΤ¬½¸ÃĤǤè¤ê¸ú²ÌŪ¤ËÈË¿£¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤ò²Äǽ¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á


5¡Ë´ÖÀÜŪ¡§¤è¤ê´¶À÷À­¤Î¹â¤¤ÊÑ°ÛÂΤÎÍ¥À­½Û´Ä¤¬¥¦¥¤¥ë¥¹´¶À÷°µ¤òÁý²Ã¤µ¤»¡¢¤½¤ì¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¥ï¥¯¥Á¥ó̤Àܼï¤Î·ò¹¯¤Ê¿Í¡¹¤¬°ì»þŪ¤ËCovid-19ɤˤ«¤«¤ê¤ä¤¹¤¯¤Ê¤ë¥ê¥¹¥¯¤òÁýÂ礵¤»¤ë¤¿¤á


6¡ËCovid-19¤Ï¿Í½Ã¶¦ÄÌ´¶À÷¾É¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤¿¤á¡¢Sars-CoV-2¤Î°¡¼ï¤Ï¡¢¥Ú¥Ã¥È¤ä²ÈÃܤò¼«Á³¤Î½É¼ç¤È¤·¤Æ¡¢¤Þ¤¿¥¹¥Ô¥ë¥ª¡¼¥Ð¡¼¥¤¥Ù¥ó¥È¤Ç¿ÍÎà¤ËºÆ¿¯Æþ¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤ÎÃù¢¸Ë¤È¤·¤Æ»ÈÍѤǤ­¤ë¤³¤È¤Ï´Ö°ã¤¤¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£ ¡£


7¡Ë¤³¤Î¸ú²Ì¤ÏÌó2½µ´Ö¤·¤«´Ñ»¡¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó¤Ç¤·¤¿¡£¤³¤ì¤Ï¡¢¹â´¶À÷°µ¤òÄ㸺¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤ÎÂкö¤¬¹Ö¤¸¤é¤ì¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¤¿¤á¡ÊDelta¥Ð¥ê¥¢¥ó¥È¤Î½Û´Ä¤¬¶¯²½¤µ¤ì¤¿¤¿¤á¡Ë¡¢ÀѶËŪ¤Ê½¸Ãĥ說¥Á¥óÀܼï¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤¬¥¦¥¤¥ë¥¹¤Ë¤Þ¤¹¤Þ¤¹¼«Á³¤ÊÌȱÖÁªÂò°µ¤ò¤«¤±Â³¤±¤¿¤¿¤á¤Ç¤¹¡£´¶À÷À­


8¡Ë¥ï¥¯¥Á¥ó̤Àܼï¤Î·ò¹¯¤Ê¿Í¤Ï¡¢ÁªÂòŪ¤ÊÌȱְµ¤òȯ´ø¤·¤Ê¤¤¤¿¤á¡¢¶¥Áè¾å¤ÎÍ¥°ÌÀ­¤òÈ÷¤¨¤¿¡¢¤è¤ê´¶À÷À­¤Î¹â¤¤ÌȱֲóÈòÊÑ°ÛÂΤòÄ󶡤·¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£


9¡Ëhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7537046/pdf/RMV-9999-e2171.pdf ; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7641391/pdf/jgv-101-791.pdf


10¡Ë°ÊÁ°¤ËCovid-19¼À´µ¤«¤é²óÉü¤·¤¿È︳¼Ô¤Ï¡¢°µÅÝŪ¿¿ô¤¬Covid-19¼À´µ¤«¤é¼«Á³¤ËÊݸ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤¿¤á¡¢»ñ³Ê¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£


11¡Ë°ÊÁ°¤Ë¼¨¤µ¤ì¤¿¤è¤¦¤Ë¡¢·ì±Õ·¿A¤ª¤è¤ÓB¹³¸¶¤ËÂФ¹¤ë¼«Á³ÌȱֱþÅú¡Ê¤¿¤È¤¨¤Ð¡¢·ì±Õ·¿O¤Î¸ÄÂΡˤϡ¢Covid-19¤ËÂФ¹¤ëËɸæ¸ú²Ì¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡ÊGallo et al¡£; 2020¡Ë


12¡Ë¹¹¿·¤µ¤ì¤¿S¥Ù¡¼¥¹¤Î¥ï¥¯¥Á¥ó¤Ë¤è¤ë¥Õ¥©¥í¡¼¥¢¥Ã¥×¥Ö¡¼¥¹¥¿¡¼¤Ï¡¢¥¦¥¤¥ë¥¹¤Î´¶À÷À­¤Ë¤Þ¤¹¤Þ¤¹°µÎϤò¤«¤±¡¢¤·¤¿¤¬¤Ã¤Æ¡¢¤è¤ê¹â¤¤¥ì¥Ù¥ë¤Î´¶À÷À­¤ò»ý¤ÄÌȱֲóÈòÊÑ°ÛÂΤ«¤é¤ÎÍ¥°ÌÀ­¤ò¶î¤êΩ¤Æ¤Þ¤¹¡£


»²¹Íʸ¸¥

Af Geijerstam A¡¢Mehlig K¡¢BörjessonM¡¢Â¾ COVID-19¤ÎŬ±þÅÙ¡¢¶¯¤µ¡¢½Å¾ÉÅÙ¡§1.559.187¥¹¥¦¥§¡¼¥Ç¥ó¤Îħ½¸Ê¼¡Ê2021ǯ¡Ë¤ÎÁ°¸þ¤­ÅÐÏ¿Ä´ºº¡£BMJ¥ª¡¼¥×¥ó2021; 11¡§e051316¡£Åڰ桧10.1136 / bmjopen-2021-051316


Belouzard S¡¢etal¡£¥¦¥¤¥ë¥¹¥¹¥Ñ¥¤¥¯¥¿¥ó¥Ñ¥¯¼Á¡Ê2012¡Ë¥¦¥¤¥ë¥¹¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤ÆÇ޲𤵤ì¤ë¥³¥í¥Ê¥¦¥¤¥ë¥¹ºÙ˦¿¯Æþ¤Î¥á¥«¥Ë¥º¥à¡£2012ǯ6·î; 4¡Ê6¡Ë¡§1011–1033; Åڰ桧10.3390 / v4061011


έͪ¡¢¹ÓÀ¥Ä¾¼ù¡¢´ßÀîÆàÄÅ´õ¾ SARS-CoV-2 Delta¥Ð¥ê¥¢¥ó¥È¤Ï¡¢ÌîÀ¸·¿¥¹¥Ñ¥¤¥¯¥ï¥¯¥Á¥ó¡Ê2021¡ËbioRxiv preprint doi¤ËÂФ¹¤ë´°Á´¤ÊÂÑÀ­¤ò³ÍÆÀ¤¹¤ë½àÈ÷¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡§https¡§//doi.org/10.1101/2021.08.22.457114


McCullough P¡¢etal¡£½é´ü¤Î·ÈÂÓ·¿¥Ï¥¤¥ê¥¹¥¯SARS-CoV-2´¶À÷¾É¤Î¿ÌÌŪ¤Ç¹âÅÙ¤ËɸŪ²½¤µ¤ì¤¿Ï¢Â³Â¿ºÞ¼£ÎÅ¡ÊCOVID-19¡Ë¡Ê2020¡ËRev CardiovascMed¡£2020ǯ12·î30Æü; 21¡Ê4¡Ë¡§517-530¡£Åڰ桧10.31083 / j.rcm.2020.04.264


Sallis R¡¢Young DR¡¢Tartof SY¡¢Â¾ ¿ÈÂÎŪÉÔ³èÆ°¤Ï¡¢½ÅÅÙ¤ÎCOVID-19žµ¢¤Î¥ê¥¹¥¯¤¬¹â¤¤¤³¤È¤Ë´ØÏ¢¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡§48,440¿Í¤ÎÀ®¿Í´µ¼Ô¡Ê2021ǯ¡Ë¤òÂоݤȤ·¤¿¸¦µæBr J SportsMed¡£Åڰ桧10.1136 / bjsports-2021-104080


¥µ¥Þ¥ÉN¤é COVID-19¥°¥í¡¼¥Ð¥ë¥Ñ¥ó¥Ç¥ß¥Ã¥¯¡Ê2021¡ËJ InflammRes¤È¤ÎÆ®¤¤¤Ë¤ª¤±¤ë°¡±ôÎÅË¡¤Î°ÕÌ£¡£2021; 14¡§527–550 doi¡§10.2147 / JIR.S295377


Shakoor H¡¢etal¡£·ò¹¯¡§COVID-19¡Ê2021¡ËMaturitas 144¡¢P108-111¡¢2021ǯ2·î¤Ë¤ª¤±¤ë¥Ó¥¿¥ß¥óB¤ÎÀøºßŪ¤ÊÌò³ä¡£Åڰ桧https¡§//doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2020.08.007


Teshome A¡¢etal¡£COVID-19´¶À÷¤ËÂФ¹¤ë¥Ó¥¿¥ß¥óD¥ì¥Ù¥ë¤Î±Æ¶Á¡§·ÏÅýŪ¥ì¥Ó¥å¡¼¤È¥á¥¿Ê¬ÀÏ¡Ê2021¡Ë¥Õ¥í¥ó¥È¡£¸ø½°±ÒÀ¸¡¢2021ǯ3·îhttps://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.624559


Vanden Bossche G. Quo vadis¡¢¥Û¥â¥µ¥Ô¥¨¥ó¥¹¡©¡Ê2021ǯ8·î¡Ëhttps://trialsitenews.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Covid-19-pandemic-Quo-vadis-homo-sapiens.pdf


Vanden Bossche G.¿Ê¹ÔÃæ¤Î½¸Ãĥ說¥Á¥óÀܼï¼Â¸³¤¬SARS-CoV-2¤ÎµÞ®¤Ê¿Ê²½ÅªÈ¿±þ¤òÂ¥¿Ê¤¹¤ë¤Î¤Ï¤Ê¤¼¤Ç¤¹¤«¡©¡Ê2021ǯ6·î¡Ëhttps://trialsitenews.com/why-is-the-ongoing-mass-vaccination-experiment-driving-a-rapid-evolutionary-response-of-sars-cov-2/


Yahi N¡¢etal¡£´¶À÷¤òÂ¥¿Ê¤¹¤ë¹³SARS-CoV-2¹³ÂΤϡ¢¸µ¤ÎÉð´Á/ D614G³ô¤È¥Ç¥ë¥¿ÊÑ°Û³ô¤ÎξÊý¤òǧ¼±¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£½¸ÃÄͽËÉÀܼï¤ÎÀøºßŪ¤Ê¥ê¥¹¥¯¤Ï¡©¡Ê2021¡ËJournal of Infection 2021; 2021ǯ8·î16Æüdoi¡§https¡§//doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2021.08.010


¥ï¥¤¥¹SR¡¢¥Ê¥Ð¥¹-¥Þ¡¼¥Æ¥£¥óS.¥³¥í¥Ê¥¦¥¤¥ë¥¹¤ÎÉ°ø¤È¿·¤¿¤Êɸ¶ÂνžɵÞÀ­¸ÆµÛ´ï¾É¸õ·²¥³¥í¥Ê¥¦¥¤¥ë¥¹¡Ê2005¡ËMicrobiol Mol Biol Rev. 2005 Dec; 69¡Ê4¡Ë¡§635–664¡£






»²¾È¸µ
https://blog.goo.ne.jp/eternalturquoiseblue/e/09b75b560f286897bced38641fc9c455
7 0

¥³¥á¥ó¥È

mixi¥æ¡¼¥¶¡¼

¥í¥°¥¤¥ó¤·¤Æ¥³¥á¥ó¥È¤ò³Îǧ¡¦Åê¹Æ¤¹¤ë

<2023ǯ01·î>
Æü ·î ²Ð ¿å ÌÚ ¶â ÅÚ
1234567
891011121314
15161718192021
22232425262728
293031    

²áµî¤ÎÆüµ­

2024ǯ
2023ǯ
2022ǯ
2021ǯ
2020ǯ
2019ǯ
2018ǯ
2017ǯ
2016ǯ
2015ǯ
2014ǯ
2013ǯ
2012ǯ
2011ǯ
2010ǯ
2009ǯ
2008ǯ
2007ǯ
2006ǯ