英検１級受験に適した題材を取りあげていきます。気になるアフガニスタンの状況です。英語を英語のまま理解できるようになりましょう。少しずつでよいので、＊の語句と構文の解説を読んでから、本文を何度も繰り返して読んでみましょう。日本の学習者にとっては、もっとも大事なことです。これを続けていけば大きな進歩となります。
Afghanistan: Taliban morality police replace women's ministry
The Taliban appear to have shut down the women's affairs ministry and replaced it
with a department that once enforced strict religious doctrines.
*
doctrine; a set of principles or beliefs, especially religious ones.
The Taliban (apparently)
shut down the women's affairs ministry
and
replaced the women's affairs ministry with a department (= a department once
enforced strict religious doctrines)
On Friday, the sign at the ministry was removed, and a sign for the ministry of virtue
and vice put in its place.
*
the sign was removed
and
a sign was put in its place
Videos on social media showed women employees outside the offices,
urging the Taliban to let them return to work.
During the Taliban rule in the 1990s, the ministry forced strict Islamic rules and
harsh restrictions on women.
*harsh;severe, cruel, unkind
harsh criticism/treatment/punishment etc
In the last 20 years Afghan women have fought for and gained a number of
basic rights, but there are now fears that progress is being upended by
the Taliban's new all-male interim government.
*
that progress = in the last 20 years Afghan women have fought for and gained
a number of basic rights
upend;to turn something over so that it is upside down
He upended the can, and swallowed.
that progress is being upended (= retrogressd = reverted )
What does the ministry of virtue and vice do?
Its full name, according to the new sign on the Kabul compound, is the Ministry
for Propagation of Virtue and Prevention of Vice.
*
the Ministry for
Propagation of Virtue
and
Prevention of Vice
propagation; a spreading, as of ideas, customs, etc.
It was already in existence before the Taliban first came to power, but it expanded
during their rule between 1996 and 2001.
*
expand;get bigger
in existence
The organization has been in existence for 25 years.
Scientists have many theories about how the universe first came into existence
(=started to exist).
existence ＜ exist
The ministry was responsible for deploying so-called morality police onto the streets
to enforce the Taliban's strict interpretation of Islamic religious law, known as Sharia.
It became known for beating women who it perceived were dressed "immodestly",
or who were outside without a male guardian. Girls were not allowed to be educated
past primary school - a measure the group has now reportedly reintroduced.
*
immodestly; not decently, not properly
the group (= Taliban) has reintroduced the measure = girls are not allowed to
educated past primary school
Entertainment like music and dancing was banned, and activities such as
playing chess or flying a kite were prohibited. Prayer times were strictly enforced,
men were made to grow beards, and Western-style haircuts were frowned upon.
*
frown on/upon somebody/something
to disapprove of someone or something, especially someone’s behaviour
Even though divorce is legal, it is still frowned upon.
Anyone found to have violated the rules was harshly punished - flogging, beatings,
amputation and public execution were not uncommon.
*
anyone (being found to have violated ther rules ) was harshly punished
flog; beat a person or animal with a whip or stick
He was publicly flogged and humiliated.
amputate; cut off someone's arm, leg, finger etc during a medical operation
Two of her toes were amputated because of frostbite.
execution;the carrying of a sentence of death
The two men face execution (=they will be killed as a punishment)
public execution;execution in front of the public
Two Taliban members in Kabul told The Washington Post newspaper that
they did not expect the Taliban to use force in the same way the group
had in the past, and that its enforcers would not be police or soldiers.
*
Two members told the Washington Post
that 1
they did not expect the Taliban to use force in the way the Taliban had (used force)
in the past
that 2
its enforcers (= those who use force ) would not be police of soldiers
The ministry was disbanded after the US-led invasion of Afghanistan in 2001,
although then-President Hamid Karzai re-established a similar but less powerful
department in 2006 following pressure from conservatives.
*
disband;break up, dissolve
At the time, Human Rights Watch called the ministry a "notorious symbol of
arbitrary abuses".
*
arbitrary
decided or arranged without any reason or plan, often unfairly
an arbitrary decision
the arbitrary arrests of political opponents
notorious;famous or well known for something bad ;infamous
a notorious computer hacker
notorious cases of human rights abuses
'What should Afghan women do?'
Female staff who worked at the women's affairs ministry compound said they
had been trying to come back to work for weeks, but had been locked out of the building.
"For women, nothing will be there anymore," one worker said. "All of us have
responsibilities for our families... We are educated and do not want to confine
ourselves to the house."
*
confine; keep someone or something within the limits of a particular activity or
subject;restrict
confine yourself to (doing) something
Owen did not confine himself to writing only one type of poem.
Taliban officials have said that under their new government, women will be allowed
to study and work in accordance with the group's interpretation of
Islamic religious law.
*
in accordance with something;
according to a rule, system etc
Use this product only in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
Women have been told to stay at home until the security situation improves,
and Taliban fighters have beaten women who were protesting against the all-male
interim government.
*interim;provisional,temporary
"When there is no ministry, what should an Afghan woman do?
Is their [Taliban] conscience agreeable if Afghan women beg on the roads?",
another woman said outside the compound.
Afghanistan: Taliban morality police replace women's ministry
The Taliban appear to have shut down the women's affairs ministry and replaced it
with a department that once enforced strict religious doctrines.
*
doctrine; a set of principles or beliefs, especially religious ones.
The Taliban (apparently)
shut down the women's affairs ministry
and
replaced the women's affairs ministry with a department (= a department once
enforced strict religious doctrines)
On Friday, the sign at the ministry was removed, and a sign for the ministry of virtue
and vice put in its place.
*
the sign was removed
and
a sign was put in its place
Videos on social media showed women employees outside the offices,
urging the Taliban to let them return to work.
During the Taliban rule in the 1990s, the ministry forced strict Islamic rules and
harsh restrictions on women.
*harsh;severe, cruel, unkind
harsh criticism/treatment/punishment etc
In the last 20 years Afghan women have fought for and gained a number of
basic rights, but there are now fears that progress is being upended by
the Taliban's new all-male interim government.
*
that progress = in the last 20 years Afghan women have fought for and gained
a number of basic rights
upend;to turn something over so that it is upside down
He upended the can, and swallowed.
that progress is being upended (= retrogressd = reverted )
What does the ministry of virtue and vice do?
Its full name, according to the new sign on the Kabul compound, is the Ministry
for Propagation of Virtue and Prevention of Vice.
*
the Ministry for
Propagation of Virtue
and
Prevention of Vice
propagation; a spreading, as of ideas, customs, etc.
It was already in existence before the Taliban first came to power, but it expanded
during their rule between 1996 and 2001.
*
expand;get bigger
in existence
The organization has been in existence for 25 years.
Scientists have many theories about how the universe first came into existence
(=started to exist).
existence ＜ exist
The ministry was responsible for deploying so-called morality police onto the streets
to enforce the Taliban's strict interpretation of Islamic religious law, known as Sharia.
It became known for beating women who it perceived were dressed "immodestly",
or who were outside without a male guardian. Girls were not allowed to be educated
past primary school - a measure the group has now reportedly reintroduced.
*
immodestly; not decently, not properly
the group (= Taliban) has reintroduced the measure = girls are not allowed to
educated past primary school
Entertainment like music and dancing was banned, and activities such as
playing chess or flying a kite were prohibited. Prayer times were strictly enforced,
men were made to grow beards, and Western-style haircuts were frowned upon.
*
frown on/upon somebody/something
to disapprove of someone or something, especially someone’s behaviour
Even though divorce is legal, it is still frowned upon.
Anyone found to have violated the rules was harshly punished - flogging, beatings,
amputation and public execution were not uncommon.
*
anyone (being found to have violated ther rules ) was harshly punished
flog; beat a person or animal with a whip or stick
He was publicly flogged and humiliated.
amputate; cut off someone's arm, leg, finger etc during a medical operation
Two of her toes were amputated because of frostbite.
execution;the carrying of a sentence of death
The two men face execution (=they will be killed as a punishment)
public execution;execution in front of the public
Two Taliban members in Kabul told The Washington Post newspaper that
they did not expect the Taliban to use force in the same way the group
had in the past, and that its enforcers would not be police or soldiers.
*
Two members told the Washington Post
that 1
they did not expect the Taliban to use force in the way the Taliban had (used force)
in the past
that 2
its enforcers (= those who use force ) would not be police of soldiers
The ministry was disbanded after the US-led invasion of Afghanistan in 2001,
although then-President Hamid Karzai re-established a similar but less powerful
department in 2006 following pressure from conservatives.
*
disband;break up, dissolve
At the time, Human Rights Watch called the ministry a "notorious symbol of
arbitrary abuses".
*
arbitrary
decided or arranged without any reason or plan, often unfairly
an arbitrary decision
the arbitrary arrests of political opponents
notorious;famous or well known for something bad ;infamous
a notorious computer hacker
notorious cases of human rights abuses
'What should Afghan women do?'
Female staff who worked at the women's affairs ministry compound said they
had been trying to come back to work for weeks, but had been locked out of the building.
"For women, nothing will be there anymore," one worker said. "All of us have
responsibilities for our families... We are educated and do not want to confine
ourselves to the house."
*
confine; keep someone or something within the limits of a particular activity or
subject;restrict
confine yourself to (doing) something
Owen did not confine himself to writing only one type of poem.
Taliban officials have said that under their new government, women will be allowed
to study and work in accordance with the group's interpretation of
Islamic religious law.
*
in accordance with something;
according to a rule, system etc
Use this product only in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
Women have been told to stay at home until the security situation improves,
and Taliban fighters have beaten women who were protesting against the all-male
interim government.
*interim;provisional,temporary
"When there is no ministry, what should an Afghan woman do?
Is their [Taliban] conscience agreeable if Afghan women beg on the roads?",
another woman said outside the compound.
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