第25回 GLOCOLセミナー / 「コンフリクトの人文学セミナー」第14回 長期紛争地域における食料の安全保障と越境交易 ― ソマリア国境地域の場合 ― Food Security and Cross-Border Trade in a Region of Protracted Conflict: The Case of the Somalia Borderlands 講師:ピーター・D・リトル教授 エモリー大学文化人類学科(京都大学大学院アジア・アフリカ地域研究研究科客員教授)
Professor Peter D. Little Department of Anthropology, Emory University 日 時:2008年6月23日(月)17:40〜19:10 場 所:大阪大学人間科学研究科東館106講義室
Somalia has been without a functioning government since 1991, which makes it the longest period of statelessness in modern history. This presentation examines the strategies that Somali herders and traders of southern Somalia, particularly in the Lower Jubba Region, have pursued in the absence of a central government and the impacts on food security and welfare. Like most people in rural Somalia, pastoralists and traders are attempting to ‘get on with their lives’ under extraordinarily difficult circumstances. Beyond the images of chaos and warfare that still shape outside perceptions of Somalia, hundreds of thousands of herders and traders effectively produce and trade Somalia’s most valuable commodity, livestock. As activities, pastoralism and the cross-border trade it spurs are at the heart of Somali livelihoods and economy. It will be shown in the presentation that they have the potential to unite as well as divide, and provide convenient lens into the causes of conflict and the ways that the majority of the population has survived since 1991. In terms of food security the paper suggests that the effects of prolonged conflict and frequent droughts on local populations have been uneven. While parts of the Lower Jubba Region--especially pastoral areas in the eastern locations--have done relatively well, other locations have experienced widespread malnutrition and hunger. The presentation draws on anthropological research in Somalia during 1986-1988; a follow-up study of traders and cross-border commerce along the Kenya/Somalia borderlands in 1996-1998 and 2001; and a collaborative project on cross-border trade and food security in the Horn of Africa (1999-2003).
■講師紹介 Prof. Peter D. Little 米国エモリー大学文化人類学科教授。現在、京都大学大学院アジア・アフリカ地域研究研究科客員教授として日本に滞在中。インディアナ大学人類学部で博士号を取得(1983)後、ケンタッキー大学人類学部教授などをへて現職。東アフリカを対象とした、経済人類学、生態人類学、開発人類学、牧畜研究などの領域で多くの業績がある。著書にSomalia: Society without State (James Currey, 2003)、編著書にUnderstanding and Reducing Persistent Poverty in Africa (Routledge, 2008)、Commodities and Globalization: Anthropological Perspectives (Rowman & Littlefield, 2000)、 Anthropology of Development and Change in East Africa (Westview, 1988) などがある。