神戸市外国語大学大学院英語教育学専攻・英語教育学研究センターでは、内外の著名な研究者・教育者を招いて「英語教育レクチャー・シリーズ」を開催しています。第12回目となる今回は、全国語学教育学会(The Japan Association for Language Teaching)の協力により、ダッカ大学よりArifa Rahman博士をお招きし、“Project-based Learning in ESL”というタイトルで、ご講演いただきます。このレクチャーシリーズは、文部科学省の平成18年度特色ある大学教育支援プログラム(特色GP)に採択されたことから、その研究教育活動としても位置づけられるものです。 本学英語教育学専攻大学院生、教員志望学生、一般の英語教員・英語教育関係者、英語教育に関心のある皆様、多数のご参加をお待ちしております。
【講師】 Dr. Arifa Rahman (Dhaka University, Bangladesh) アリファ・ラーマン博士はロンドン大学の教育学博士を取得され、現在はバングラデッシュにあるダッカ大学のEnglish Language & Teacher Educationで教授をされ、Bangladesh English Language Teachers Association(BELTA)の理事も勤められています。
Arifa Rahman, PhD
University of Dhaka, Bangladesh
Arifar@citech-bd.com
Underlying Assumptions:
1. Cognitive-Experiential Learning (Piaget 1953, 1983)
2. Social Learning / Social Development Theory (Vygotsky 1978)
3. Connectionist-Constructivist Theory (Sutton et al 1996)
Piaget 1953, 1983:
“The child is an organism adapting to its environment, as well as a scientist constructing its own understanding of the world”.
“Knowledge does not come ready made but has to be discovered actively”.
“The individual tries to construct an understanding of reality through interacting with it”.
Social Learning:
Learning is not an individual process
Learning occurs through instruction and social interaction in a participatory framework
Vygotsky 1978: Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)
“Distance between the actual development level as determined by independent problem solving and the level of potential development as determined through problem solving under adult guidance or in collaboration with more capable peers”
□ZPD bridges that gap between what is known and what can be known.
□Development of the ZPD depends upon full social interaction.
Sutton et al 1996:
Learning involves continuous active construction, connection and reconstruction of experiences
Learning takes place through:
□Experiencing
□Interacting with context / real life
□Interacting with others
□Meaningful engagement
Stresses on:
mental thought processing (meaning, knowing, understanding)
problem-solving
decision-making
Also on:
The community
Background and experience
Culture
Important Features:
- knowledge; thinking; doing
- establishing causal relationship
- understanding information
- adapting to new systems of learning
Insights for Language Learning
○Leaning takes place through experience
○Other learners are viewed as a support group within they interact, help and evaluate themselves
○Learning extends capabilities of students
○Teacher as facilitator, creating conditions for leaning to take place
Implications for the Classroom
Learners need to experience a variety of cognitive activities
Therefore, a case for Project Based Learning (PBL)
Learner Engagement
- Learning by being engaged in meaningful activities (experiential hands-on)
- Drawing on the learners' real-life experiences and linking into new knowledge
PBL Tasks:
○Rigorous
○Relevant
○Authentic, real-life
○Involves not just knowledge but also skills
○Involves collaboration, communication
○Integrates civic sense, community issues
○Engages and motivates students
○Develops over time
END RESULT:
○Develops enquiry
○Facilitates autonomous learning
○Leads to higher level of cognitive development
○Facilitates language use
○Tangible end result
○Offers a sense of accomplishment and satisfaction
Reading:
Bialystok, E. 1978. A theoretical model of second language learning. Language Learning 28:81-104
Ellis, R. 1994. The Study of Second Language Acquisition. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Piaget, J. (1953). The Origins of Intelligence in Children. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
Piaget, J. (1983). Piaget's theory. In P. Mussen (ed.). Handbook of Child Psychology. 4th edition. Vol.1. New York: Wiley.
Sutton, R.E., A. Cafarelli, R. Lund, D. Schurdell and S. Bichsel. 1996. A developmental constructivist approach to pre-service teachers' ways of knowing. Teaching and Teacher Education 12/4:413-427.
Vygotsky, L. S. 1978. Mind in Society: The Development of Higher Psychological Processes. Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.