演 題:Bimodal communication among the Khwe : The vanishing art of communicating in the bush (クエにおけるバイモーダル・コミュニケーション:消えゆくブッシュの コミュニケーション芸術)
講 師:Dr. Matthias Brenzinger(マティアス・ブレンジンガー博士) ・Tenured researcher at the Institute for African Studies, University of Cologne(ケルン大学アフリカ研究所・終身研究員) ・Visiting Professor, ASAFAS, Kyoto University (京都大学ASAFAS・客員教授)
The real home of hunter-gatherers, as Khwe elders put it, is the bush. During hunting parties any sound is avoided, as a slight whisper may put a hunter at life-threatening risk and for that reason Khwe hunters use standardized signs to refer to specific animals and use gestures to indicate directions. We will focus on the analysis and documentation of bimodal, i.e. gestural-visual and auditory-oral communication among Khwe elders. Gestural-visual means are the most important tools in face-to-face communication for conveying spatial information, fixing points in time, describing distance to places, providing age of children, etc. Gestures are looked at: first in a gesture lexicon, i.e. more or less standardized signs for various animals, physical features, movements, etc.; second, as co-speech gestures that accompany speech, i.e. meaningful ways to move the hands, head, etc. when talking and third, gestures used to convey information, which can’t be expressed verbally in Khwedam, such as age, distance, points in time, directions.